{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3142619340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072556","title":"Qualitative Assessment of Effective Gamification Design Processes Using Motivators to Identify Game Mechanics","display_name":"Qualitative Assessment of Effective Gamification Design Processes Using Motivators to Identify Game Mechanics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3142619340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072556","mag":"3142619340","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33917409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21072556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2556/pdf?version=1617940717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2556/pdf?version=1617940717","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060211228","display_name":"Eva Villegas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-1299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5593406","display_name":"Universitat Ramon Llull","ror":"https://ror.org/04p9k2z50","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eva Villegas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Research on Technology Enhanced Learning (GRETEL), Universitat Ramon Llull, La Salle, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Research on Technology Enhanced Learning (GRETEL), Universitat Ramon Llull, La Salle, 08022 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085743355","display_name":"David Fonseca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-153X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5593406","display_name":"Universitat Ramon Llull","ror":"https://ror.org/04p9k2z50","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Fonseca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Research on Technology Enhanced Learning (GRETEL), Universitat Ramon Llull, La Salle, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-153X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Research on Technology Enhanced Learning (GRETEL), Universitat Ramon Llull, La Salle, 08022 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040140974","display_name":"Enric Pe\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3338-6272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5593406","display_name":"Universitat Ramon Llull","ror":"https://ror.org/04p9k2z50","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enric Pe\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Research on Technology Enhanced Learning (GRETEL), Universitat Ramon Llull, La Salle, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Research on Technology Enhanced Learning (GRETEL), Universitat Ramon Llull, La Salle, 08022 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080086394","display_name":"Paula Bonet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132580","display_name":"Plymouth Marjon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f914y84","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132580"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Bonet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communities and Children Faculty, University of St. Mark and St. John, Plymouth PL6 8BH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communities and Children Faculty, University of St. Mark and St. John, Plymouth PL6 8BH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112413406","display_name":"Sara Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Guinea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8529-5212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Fern\u00e1ndez-Guinea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060211228","https://openalex.org/A5085743355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5593406"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.8009,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92834599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"7","first_page":"2556","last_page":"2556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/card-sorting","display_name":"Card sorting","score":0.7947227954864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6744593381881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6182644367218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-mechanics","display_name":"Game mechanics","score":0.49537479877471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45866858959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.41165125370025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3237706422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26130998134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13383471965789795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5563205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686043","display_name":"Card sorting","level":3,"score":0.7947227954864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6744593381881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6182644367218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170828538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751513","display_name":"Game mechanics","level":2,"score":0.49537479877471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45866858959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41165125370025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3237706422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26130998134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13383471965789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21072556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2556/pdf?version=1617940717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33917409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33917409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b7f4a5e5c0444ad49e8e066e49cfc330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b7f4a5e5c0444ad49e8e066e49cfc330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 7, p 2556 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/7/2556/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 7; Pages: 2556","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8038701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8038701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:recercat.cat:2072/449860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2072/449860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RECERCAT (Dip\u00f2sit de la Recerca de Catalunya)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.ucm.es:77210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/77210/1/sensors-21-02556-v2.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400298","display_name":"Library Open Repository (Universidad Complutense Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","host_organization_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21072556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2556/pdf?version=1617940717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5213336836","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BIA2016-77464-C2-2-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/03sv46s19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3142619340.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3142619340.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54046394","https://openalex.org/W66944902","https://openalex.org/W211563587","https://openalex.org/W1488058350","https://openalex.org/W1490153224","https://openalex.org/W1498704199","https://openalex.org/W1603537560","https://openalex.org/W1606794817","https://openalex.org/W1679433199","https://openalex.org/W1990451873","https://openalex.org/W2010943014","https://openalex.org/W2023062420","https://openalex.org/W2034144472","https://openalex.org/W2038265284","https://openalex.org/W2045296335","https://openalex.org/W2049864245","https://openalex.org/W2069084625","https://openalex.org/W2117298058","https://openalex.org/W2122381799","https://openalex.org/W2128357915","https://openalex.org/W2172368068","https://openalex.org/W2258414405","https://openalex.org/W2390008750","https://openalex.org/W2505012246","https://openalex.org/W2530695086","https://openalex.org/W2752929430","https://openalex.org/W2755797711","https://openalex.org/W2763911348","https://openalex.org/W2769727195","https://openalex.org/W2792533326","https://openalex.org/W2792987521","https://openalex.org/W2805240821","https://openalex.org/W2889920750","https://openalex.org/W2900619723","https://openalex.org/W2902406431","https://openalex.org/W2906930825","https://openalex.org/W2906995775","https://openalex.org/W2915089967","https://openalex.org/W2916136405","https://openalex.org/W2931915331","https://openalex.org/W2936737507","https://openalex.org/W2958590583","https://openalex.org/W2958869733","https://openalex.org/W2963602494","https://openalex.org/W2963793504","https://openalex.org/W2979617203","https://openalex.org/W2980537173","https://openalex.org/W2985259005","https://openalex.org/W3003820967","https://openalex.org/W3020895281","https://openalex.org/W3025936625","https://openalex.org/W3042399189","https://openalex.org/W3127719406","https://openalex.org/W4232020551","https://openalex.org/W4242883546","https://openalex.org/W4244570926","https://openalex.org/W6608468502","https://openalex.org/W6649727225","https://openalex.org/W6735620346","https://openalex.org/W6744113102","https://openalex.org/W6749616820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109940557","https://openalex.org/W4285058773","https://openalex.org/W2466832359","https://openalex.org/W4225108917","https://openalex.org/W1680425820","https://openalex.org/W4391210591","https://openalex.org/W3217586512","https://openalex.org/W1582019636","https://openalex.org/W1499005795","https://openalex.org/W3172493050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1,74],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,51,84],"the":[4,10,18,33,45,48,52,57,65,69,85,99,105,114,119,155,158],"study":[5],"and":[6,14,91,103,123,165,177],"qualitative":[7],"assessment":[8],"of":[9,20,36,47,54,56,109,118,136,146,157],"relationships":[11],"between":[12],"motivators":[13,53,60],"game":[15],"mechanics":[16,110,120],"per":[17],"ratings":[19],"expert":[21],"gamification":[22,89,147],"consultants.":[23],"By":[24],"taking":[25],"this":[26],"approach,":[27],"it":[28],"is":[29,121,128,138],"intended":[30],"that":[31,97],"during":[32],"design":[34,46],"phase":[35],"a":[37,78,93,107,124,131,133,143],"gamified":[38,164],"system,":[39],"decisions":[40],"can":[41,61],"be":[42,62],"made":[43],"about":[44],"system":[49],"based":[50,83],"each":[55,117],"profiles.":[58],"These":[59],"determined":[63],"from":[64,77],"information":[66],"provided":[67],"by":[68],"potential":[70],"players":[71],"themselves.":[72],"The":[73,149],"presented":[75],"starts":[76],"previous":[79],"analysis":[80],"in":[81,154,172],"which,":[82],"three":[86],"most":[87],"used":[88],"frameworks":[90],"through":[92],"card":[94],"sorting":[95],"technique":[96],"allows":[98],"user":[100],"to":[101,168],"organize":[102],"classify":[104],"content,":[106],"set":[108],"are":[111,152],"determined.":[112],"In":[113],"present":[115],"study,":[116],"analyzed,":[122],"more":[125],"precise":[126],"motive":[127],"decided.":[129],"As":[130],"result,":[132],"higher":[134,144],"level":[135,145],"personalization":[137],"achieved":[139],"and,":[140],"consequently,":[141],"approximates":[142],"effectiveness.":[148],"main":[150],"conclusions":[151],"implemented":[153],"development":[156],"Game4City":[159],"3.0":[160],"project,":[161],"which":[162],"addresses":[163],"interactive":[166],"strategies":[167],"visualize":[169],"urban":[170],"environments":[171],"3D":[173],"at":[174],"an":[175],"educational":[176],"social":[178],"level.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
