{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3145460128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072339","title":"EEG-Based Eye Movement Recognition Using Brain\u2013Computer Interface and Random Forests","display_name":"EEG-Based Eye Movement Recognition Using Brain\u2013Computer Interface and Random Forests","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3145460128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072339","mag":"3145460128","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33801663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21072339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072339","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2339/pdf?version=1617937365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2339/pdf?version=1617937365","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018373255","display_name":"Evangelos Antoniou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-0946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194019607","display_name":"University of Ioannina","ror":"https://ror.org/01qg3j183","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos Antoniou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-0946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086154423","display_name":"Pavlos Bozios","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194019607","display_name":"University of Ioannina","ror":"https://ror.org/01qg3j183","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavlos Bozios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034481003","display_name":"Vasileios Christou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-8852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194019607","display_name":"University of Ioannina","ror":"https://ror.org/01qg3j183","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Christou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece","Q Base R&D, Science & Technology Park of Epirus, University of Ioannina Campus, GR45110 Ioannina, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-8852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Q Base R&D, Science & Technology Park of Epirus, University of Ioannina Campus, GR45110 Ioannina, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050725088","display_name":"Katerina D. Tzimourta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-7005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194019607","display_name":"University of Ioannina","ror":"https://ror.org/01qg3j183","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katerina D. Tzimourta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR50100 Kozani, Greece","Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-7005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR50100 Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084177754","display_name":"Konstantinos Kalafatakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-5194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194019607","display_name":"University of Ioannina","ror":"https://ror.org/01qg3j183","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Kalafatakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056731619","display_name":"Markos G. Tsipouras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markos G. Tsipouras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR50100 Kozani, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR50100 Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027454960","display_name":"\u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-783X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194019607","display_name":"University of Ioannina","ror":"https://ror.org/01qg3j183","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Giannakeas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-783X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000270870","display_name":"Alexandros T. Tzallas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-1290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194019607","display_name":"University of Ioannina","ror":"https://ror.org/01qg3j183","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros T. Tzallas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-1290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, GR47100 Arta, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000270870"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194019607"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":6.5457,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97683427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"7","first_page":"2339","last_page":"2339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8079026937484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6936543583869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.665070116519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6524189710617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6208422780036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5951003432273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5617027282714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair","display_name":"Wheelchair","score":0.559032142162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4718722701072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.4649699032306671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.42338865995407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41110163927078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35219764709472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3217269778251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11804094910621643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8079026937484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6936543583869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.665070116519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6524189710617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6208422780036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5951003432273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5617027282714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.559032142162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4718722701072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.4649699032306671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.42338865995407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41110163927078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35219764709472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3217269778251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11804094910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21072339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072339","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2339/pdf?version=1617937365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33801663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33801663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f07b336a31404557907a52f01beb0ea5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f07b336a31404557907a52f01beb0ea5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 7, p 2339 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/7/2339/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 7; Pages: 2339","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8036672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8036672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21072339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072339","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2339/pdf?version=1617937365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3145460128.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3145460128.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967320885","https://openalex.org/W1977177161","https://openalex.org/W1988399864","https://openalex.org/W2009190245","https://openalex.org/W2036341195","https://openalex.org/W2076142604","https://openalex.org/W2084714454","https://openalex.org/W2111219847","https://openalex.org/W2112987103","https://openalex.org/W2114512925","https://openalex.org/W2130286991","https://openalex.org/W2138720855","https://openalex.org/W2163833600","https://openalex.org/W2326030860","https://openalex.org/W2408628236","https://openalex.org/W2492307518","https://openalex.org/W2498672755","https://openalex.org/W2536054860","https://openalex.org/W2580577226","https://openalex.org/W2740827271","https://openalex.org/W2744994793","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2802795914","https://openalex.org/W2809409175","https://openalex.org/W2897343152","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914930607","https://openalex.org/W2915502224","https://openalex.org/W2927969672","https://openalex.org/W2944827153","https://openalex.org/W2982400160","https://openalex.org/W3011240245","https://openalex.org/W3027581678","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4256561644","https://openalex.org/W6676819708","https://openalex.org/W6713953948","https://openalex.org/W6722861366","https://openalex.org/W6732831554","https://openalex.org/W6751435009","https://openalex.org/W6758961472","https://openalex.org/W6769424692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2735452592","https://openalex.org/W2516894715","https://openalex.org/W2076543106","https://openalex.org/W2523437662","https://openalex.org/W89844371","https://openalex.org/W2019891950","https://openalex.org/W2085842814","https://openalex.org/W4286643620","https://openalex.org/W4387048144","https://openalex.org/W2492135063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discrimination":[0],"of":[1,11,75,92,101,115,128,266,296],"eye":[2,48],"movements":[3],"and":[4,13,24,50,85,124,194,212,245,263,291],"visual":[5],"states":[6],"is":[7,15,66,130],"a":[8,30,35,59,73,82,153,270],"flourishing":[9],"field":[10],"research":[12],"there":[14],"an":[16,67,135,141],"urgent":[17],"need":[18],"for":[19,139,178,218,269,302],"non-manual":[20],"EEG-based":[21,136],"wheelchair":[22,143,304],"control":[23,137],"navigation":[25],"systems.":[26],"This":[27,275],"paper":[28],"presents":[29],"novel":[31],"system":[32,138,224],"that":[33,71,253],"utilizes":[34],"brain-computer":[36,106],"interface":[37,107],"(BCI)":[38],"to":[39,112,131,259,299],"capture":[40],"electroencephalographic":[41],"(EEG)":[42],"signals":[43,200],"from":[44,159,282],"human":[45],"subjects":[46],"while":[47],"movement":[49],"subsequently":[51],"classify":[52],"them":[53],"into":[54],"six":[55],"categories":[56,100],"by":[57],"applying":[58],"random":[60,104],"forests":[61,105],"(RF)":[62],"classification":[63,247,272],"algorithm.":[64],"RF":[65,255],"ensemble":[68],"learning":[69],"method":[70,276],"constructs":[72],"series":[74],"decision":[76,243],"trees":[77],"where":[78],"each":[79,219],"tree":[80],"gives":[81],"class":[83,87,93],"prediction,":[84],"the":[86,89,96,102,113,116,166,180,213,254,260,283,294],"with":[88,227],"highest":[90],"number":[91],"predictions":[94],"becomes":[95],"model's":[97],"prediction.":[98],"The":[99,126,146,163,222,249],"proposed":[103,147,223],"(RF-BCI)":[108],"are":[109,273],"defined":[110],"according":[111],"position":[114],"subject's":[117],"eyes:":[118],"open,":[119],"closed,":[120],"left,":[121],"right,":[122],"up,":[123],"down.":[125],"purpose":[127],"RF-BCI":[129],"be":[132,300],"utilized":[133],"as":[134],"driving":[140],"electromechanical":[142],"(rehabilitation":[144],"device).":[145],"approach":[148],"has":[149],"been":[150],"tested":[151],"using":[152],"dataset":[154],"containing":[155],"219":[156],"records":[157],"taken":[158],"10":[160],"different":[161,188],"patients.":[162],"BCI":[164,303],"implemented":[165],"EPOC":[167,285],"Flex":[168,286],"head":[169],"cap":[170],"system,":[171],"which":[172],"includes":[173],"32":[174],"saline":[175],"felt":[176],"sensors":[177],"capturing":[179],"subjects'":[181],"EEG":[182,220,288],"signals.":[183],"Each":[184],"sensor":[185],"caught":[186],"four":[187],"brain":[189],"waves":[190],"(delta,":[191],"theta,":[192],"alpha,":[193],"beta)":[195],"per":[196,210],"second.":[197],"Then,":[198],"these":[199],"were":[201],"split":[202],"in":[203,207],"4-second":[204],"windows":[205],"resulting":[206],"512":[208],"samples":[209],"record":[211],"band":[214],"energy":[215],"was":[216,225],"extracted":[217],"rhythm.":[221],"compared":[226,258],"na\u00efve":[228],"Bayes,":[229],"Bayes":[230],"Network,":[231],"k-nearest":[232],"neighbors":[233],"(K-NN),":[234],"multilayer":[235],"perceptron":[236],"(MLP),":[237],"support":[238],"vector":[239],"machine":[240],"(SVM),":[241],"J48-C4.5":[242],"tree,":[244],"Bagging":[246],"algorithms.":[248],"experimental":[250],"results":[251],"showed":[252],"algorithm":[256],"outperformed":[257],"other":[261],"approaches":[262],"high":[264,278],"levels":[265],"accuracy":[267],"(85.39%)":[268],"6-class":[271],"obtained.":[274],"exploits":[277],"spatial":[279],"information":[280],"acquired":[281],"Emotiv":[284],"wearable":[287],"recording":[289],"device":[290,298],"examines":[292],"successfully":[293],"potential":[295],"this":[297],"used":[301],"technology.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T09:05:47.796612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}