{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136763617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062198","title":"Passive Source Localization Using Acoustic Intensity in Multipath-Dominant Shallow-Water Waveguide","display_name":"Passive Source Localization Using Acoustic Intensity in Multipath-Dominant Shallow-Water Waveguide","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136763617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062198","mag":"3136763617","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33801103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062198","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2198/pdf?version=1616321764","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2198/pdf?version=1616321764","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039059967","display_name":"Sunhyo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-0929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133437993","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunhyo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Security and Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Security and Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101610025","display_name":"Sungho Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-5001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133437993","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungho Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Security and Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Security and Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046178280","display_name":"Seom\u2010Kyu Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5663-831X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133437993","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seom-kyu Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Security and Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Security and Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018257269","display_name":"Jee Woong Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-9146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jee Woong Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggido 15588, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggido 15588, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018257269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.57,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66800112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"2198","last_page":"2198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7547962069511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.7382194399833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-intensity","display_name":"Sound intensity","score":0.6753090620040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrophone","display_name":"Hydrophone","score":0.6202690005302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6147280931472778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.6052849292755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-source-localization","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","score":0.6043437123298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waves-and-shallow-water","display_name":"Waves and shallow water","score":0.5940989851951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-pressure","display_name":"Sound pressure","score":0.4712916910648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-velocity","display_name":"Particle velocity","score":0.45401185750961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4014648199081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-wave","display_name":"Acoustic wave","score":0.37512752413749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3652333617210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28964751958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2568624019622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12619879841804504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7547962069511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.7382194399833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63981117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140289","display_name":"Sound intensity","level":3,"score":0.6753090620040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776328434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798062","display_name":"Hydrophone","level":2,"score":0.6202690005302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6147280931472778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6052849292755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93240960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217270","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","level":3,"score":0.6043437123298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186348155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7975538","display_name":"Waves and shallow water","level":2,"score":0.5940989851951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.4712916910648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35515768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336894","display_name":"Particle velocity","level":2,"score":0.45401185750961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4014648199081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204723758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882459","display_name":"Acoustic wave","level":2,"score":0.37512752413749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3652333617210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28964751958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2568624019622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12619879841804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062198","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2198/pdf?version=1616321764","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33801103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33801103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10512647154e443dabafaa2c03b15988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10512647154e443dabafaa2c03b15988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 6, p 2198 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/6/2198/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 6; Pages: 2198","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8004169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8004169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062198","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2198/pdf?version=1616321764","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6680449876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Korea","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7162133740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE99941","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324117","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5s4a53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324117","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136763617.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136763617.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1621501894","https://openalex.org/W1778338228","https://openalex.org/W1967616332","https://openalex.org/W1982567634","https://openalex.org/W1987262706","https://openalex.org/W1995386304","https://openalex.org/W2030486344","https://openalex.org/W2040812613","https://openalex.org/W2041726201","https://openalex.org/W2045548574","https://openalex.org/W2045660922","https://openalex.org/W2060874532","https://openalex.org/W2071258617","https://openalex.org/W2078125752","https://openalex.org/W2102103295","https://openalex.org/W2109100930","https://openalex.org/W2131123247","https://openalex.org/W2227710719","https://openalex.org/W2237094519","https://openalex.org/W2238401414","https://openalex.org/W2552702199","https://openalex.org/W2578331786","https://openalex.org/W2616539308","https://openalex.org/W2759900277","https://openalex.org/W2895860938","https://openalex.org/W2924479206","https://openalex.org/W2954093548","https://openalex.org/W4254745740","https://openalex.org/W6679182213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2305215931","https://openalex.org/W1997262337","https://openalex.org/W2027337707","https://openalex.org/W2794202205","https://openalex.org/W2075170612","https://openalex.org/W2162821841","https://openalex.org/W1963926260","https://openalex.org/W3117931315","https://openalex.org/W2106418673","https://openalex.org/W2131208785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,86,127],"array":[1,39,95],"invariant":[2,40,96],"technique":[3],"has":[4,16,52],"been":[5],"recently":[6],"proposed":[7],"for":[8,93],"passive":[9],"source":[10,128],"localization":[11,129],"in":[12,23,107],"the":[13,19,53,57,74,80,94,120,143,148],"ocean.":[14],"It":[15],"successfully":[17],"estimated":[18,131],"source-receiver":[20,75],"horizontal":[21,76],"range":[22],"multipath-dominant":[24],"shallow-water":[25],"waveguides.":[26],"However,":[27],"it":[28],"requires":[29],"a":[30,48,62,90,101,115],"relatively":[31],"large-scale":[32],"hydrophone":[33],"array.":[34,151],"This":[35,65],"study":[36],"proposes":[37],"an":[38,83,104],"method":[41,66,97],"that":[42,51],"uses":[43],"acoustic":[44,84,105,133,144],"intensity,":[45],"which":[46,108],"is":[47,98],"vector":[49,91],"quantity":[50,92],"same":[54],"direction":[55],"as":[56],"sound":[58],"wave":[59],"propagating":[60],"through":[61,100],"water":[63],"medium.":[64],"can":[67],"be":[68],"used":[69],"to":[70,82],"estimate":[71],"not":[72],"only":[73],"range,":[77],"but":[78],"also":[79],"azimuth":[81],"source.":[85],"feasibility":[87],"of":[88,119,142],"using":[89,114,132],"examined":[99],"simulation":[102],"and":[103],"experiment":[106],"particle":[109],"velocity":[110],"signals":[111,122,145],"are":[112,135],"obtained":[113,139],"finite":[116],"difference":[117],"approximation":[118],"pressure":[121],"at":[123],"two":[124],"adjacent":[125],"points.":[126],"results":[130],"intensity":[134],"compared":[136],"with":[137],"those":[138],"from":[140],"beamforming":[141],"acquired":[146],"by":[147],"vertical":[149],"line":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
