{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137500711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062166","title":"DRER: Deep Learning\u2013Based Driver\u2019s Real Emotion Recognizer","display_name":"DRER: Deep Learning\u2013Based Driver\u2019s Real Emotion Recognizer","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137500711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062166","mag":"3137500711","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33808922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062166","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2166/pdf?version=1616494216","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2166/pdf?version=1616494216","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014697209","display_name":"Geesung Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110273157","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geesung Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-5631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104165683","display_name":"Junghwan Ryu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110273157","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junghwan Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037407078","display_name":"Euiseok Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-3726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110273157","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Euiseok Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006525911","display_name":"Ji Hyun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8349-6931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110273157","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Hyun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automobile and IT Convergence, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8349-6931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automobile and IT Convergence, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059549858","display_name":"Sung\u2010Wook Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8265-8700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197312522","display_name":"Hyundai Motor Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kxbz959","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungwook Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chassis System Control Research Lab, Hyundai Motor Group, Hwaseong 18280, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chassis System Control Research Lab, Hyundai Motor Group, Hwaseong 18280, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197312522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001542437","display_name":"Sangho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197312522","display_name":"Hyundai Motor Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kxbz959","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chassis System Control Research Lab, Hyundai Motor Group, Hwaseong 18280, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chassis System Control Research Lab, Hyundai Motor Group, Hwaseong 18280, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197312522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072506078","display_name":"Sejoon Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1917-699X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110273157","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sejoon Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automobile and IT Convergence, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1917-699X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automobile and IT Convergence, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072506078"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.9989,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96155241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"2166","last_page":"2166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.7788228392601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.696163535118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6661882400512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.6440915465354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.602985680103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5802140831947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.48870185017585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.4276789128780365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-computing","display_name":"Affective computing","score":0.41829147934913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4097295105457306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3380160927772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.2630492150783539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09844031929969788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.7788228392601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.696163535118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6661882400512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.6440915465354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.602985680103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5802140831947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.48870185017585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.4276789128780365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.41829147934913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4097295105457306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3380160927772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.2630492150783539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09844031929969788}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062166","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2166/pdf?version=1616494216","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33808922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33808922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:95800ceaab8c404b87cb02018e9897d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/95800ceaab8c404b87cb02018e9897d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 6, p 2166 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/6/2166/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 6; Pages: 2166","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8003797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8003797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062166","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2166/pdf?version=1616494216","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1170065303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2C1005433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G302703247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2B5B01005433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3109758654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5199990814084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5917384525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20003519","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310381","display_name":"Hyundai Motor Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05kxbz959"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137500711.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137500711.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480583224","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1854318472","https://openalex.org/W1966797434","https://openalex.org/W1967993123","https://openalex.org/W1972340780","https://openalex.org/W1972626400","https://openalex.org/W1993061038","https://openalex.org/W2048975114","https://openalex.org/W2072038603","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2117866167","https://openalex.org/W2122098299","https://openalex.org/W2145104872","https://openalex.org/W2149628368","https://openalex.org/W2154129660","https://openalex.org/W2158095316","https://openalex.org/W2170735791","https://openalex.org/W2171801645","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2269576142","https://openalex.org/W2396728763","https://openalex.org/W2413092152","https://openalex.org/W2546875627","https://openalex.org/W2547146855","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2586008137","https://openalex.org/W2599124244","https://openalex.org/W2604255570","https://openalex.org/W2604258616","https://openalex.org/W2604906538","https://openalex.org/W2734404105","https://openalex.org/W2737986725","https://openalex.org/W2740693122","https://openalex.org/W2745497104","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2787319633","https://openalex.org/W2808103905","https://openalex.org/W2888493720","https://openalex.org/W2901027086","https://openalex.org/W2903145943","https://openalex.org/W2912483755","https://openalex.org/W2931962782","https://openalex.org/W2932628637","https://openalex.org/W2943183446","https://openalex.org/W2945616044","https://openalex.org/W2949484661","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2979903110","https://openalex.org/W3001587372","https://openalex.org/W3005980554","https://openalex.org/W3006673474","https://openalex.org/W3013612439","https://openalex.org/W3039519178","https://openalex.org/W3042183479","https://openalex.org/W3042950507","https://openalex.org/W3080946082","https://openalex.org/W3094301935","https://openalex.org/W3094680016","https://openalex.org/W3122081138","https://openalex.org/W3126983385","https://openalex.org/W4242708090","https://openalex.org/W4250910818","https://openalex.org/W6643348099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205986151","https://openalex.org/W3080495370","https://openalex.org/W2355913164","https://openalex.org/W3089923070","https://openalex.org/W2162992774","https://openalex.org/W1153638794","https://openalex.org/W2168968280","https://openalex.org/W2231516625","https://openalex.org/W2116055069","https://openalex.org/W4298012442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,194],"intelligent":[1],"vehicles,":[2],"it":[3],"is":[4,17,71],"essential":[5],"to":[6,34,76,106,158,176,188],"monitor":[7,35],"the":[8,13,20,36,47,51,78,107,122,138,143,151,160,166,179,191,205],"driver's":[9,14,37,65,144,152,206],"condition;":[10],"however,":[11],"recognizing":[12,141,204],"emotional":[15,38,146],"state":[16,124],"one":[18],"of":[19,96,125,137],"most":[21],"challenging":[22],"and":[23,113,154,182],"important":[24],"tasks.":[25],"Most":[26],"previous":[27],"studies":[28],"focused":[29],"on":[30,53,88],"facial":[31,90,100,126,180],"expression":[32,101],"recognition":[33,102,118,201],"state.":[39,147],"However,":[40],"while":[41,209],"driving,":[42],"many":[43],"factors":[44],"are":[45],"preventing":[46],"drivers":[48],"from":[49],"revealing":[50],"emotions":[52,81],"their":[54,89],"faces.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"this":[58],"problem,":[59],"we":[60,149],"propose":[61],"a":[62,72,131],"deep":[63,73],"learning-based":[64,74],"real":[66,80,145],"emotion":[67,117,153,208],"recognizer":[68],"(DRER),":[69],"which":[70,104,120],"algorithm":[75,94],"recognize":[77],"drivers'":[79],"that":[82,165],"cannot":[83],"be":[84],"completely":[85],"identified":[86],"based":[87],"expressions.":[91],"The":[92],"proposed":[93,167,197],"comprises":[95],"two":[97],"models:":[98],"(i)":[99],"model,":[103,119],"refers":[105],"state-of-the-art":[108],"convolutional":[109],"neural":[110],"network":[111],"structure;":[112],"(ii)":[114],"sensor":[115],"fusion":[116],"fuses":[121],"recognized":[123],"expressions":[127,181],"with":[128],"electrodermal":[129,192],"activity,":[130],"bio-physiological":[132],"signal":[133],"representing":[134],"electrical":[135],"characteristics":[136],"skin,":[139],"in":[140,173,185,203],"even":[142],"Hence,":[148],"categorized":[150],"conducted":[155],"human-in-the-loop":[156],"experiments":[157],"acquire":[159],"data.":[161],"Experimental":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"fusing":[168],"approach":[169],"achieves":[170,199],"114%":[171],"increase":[172,184],"accuracy":[174,186,202],"compared":[175],"using":[177,189],"only":[178,190],"146%":[183],"compare":[187],"activity.":[193],"conclusion,":[195],"our":[196],"method":[198],"86.8%":[200],"induced":[207],"driving":[210],"situation.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
