{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137034425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062153","title":"C-UNet: Complement UNet for Remote Sensing Road Extraction","display_name":"C-UNet: Complement UNet for Remote Sensing Road Extraction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137034425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062153","mag":"3137034425","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33808588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2153/pdf?version=1616142475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2153/pdf?version=1616142475","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011863269","display_name":"Yuewu Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuewu Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-7341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064487134","display_name":"Zhaoying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6991-0123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458263","display_name":"Ting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-2081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101457814","display_name":"Yujian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4991-6461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100458263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":12.4944,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99374279,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"2153","last_page":"2153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.8178985714912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7278627157211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6629791259765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.6013981103897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5474976301193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.49490708112716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47775450348854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.47125008702278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.466553658246994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.45366743206977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.45156434178352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.43314534425735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17801395058631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16644996404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07560333609580994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.8178985714912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7278627157211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6629791259765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.6013981103897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5474976301193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.49490708112716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47775450348854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.47125008702278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.466553658246994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.45366743206977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.45156434178352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.43314534425735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17801395058631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16644996404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07560333609580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2153/pdf?version=1616142475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33808588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33808588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e27384901c9c40d59c23baa9bc30ec63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e27384901c9c40d59c23baa9bc30ec63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 6, p 2153 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/6/2153/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 6; Pages: 2153","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8003503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8003503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2153/pdf?version=1616142475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2254285790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7398550407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61906005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8055380421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8134958925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876010, 61806013, 61906005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137034425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3137034425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35847158","https://openalex.org/W79261412","https://openalex.org/W190897808","https://openalex.org/W203741292","https://openalex.org/W313004809","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1964038289","https://openalex.org/W1968741116","https://openalex.org/W2026365338","https://openalex.org/W2050888744","https://openalex.org/W2085528185","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2138719385","https://openalex.org/W2144552105","https://openalex.org/W2155226776","https://openalex.org/W2167069501","https://openalex.org/W2169942580","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2205800717","https://openalex.org/W2293149407","https://openalex.org/W2395811491","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2547880720","https://openalex.org/W2593886839","https://openalex.org/W2623490820","https://openalex.org/W2638069280","https://openalex.org/W2767851919","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2790444446","https://openalex.org/W2798305197","https://openalex.org/W2798925380","https://openalex.org/W2804860796","https://openalex.org/W2889009110","https://openalex.org/W2890554434","https://openalex.org/W2893801697","https://openalex.org/W2895340898","https://openalex.org/W2914974669","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2967073193","https://openalex.org/W2991566686","https://openalex.org/W3021297918","https://openalex.org/W3098839753","https://openalex.org/W3165110222","https://openalex.org/W6608365309","https://openalex.org/W6610984472","https://openalex.org/W6675029737","https://openalex.org/W6680684001","https://openalex.org/W6684687398","https://openalex.org/W6711850960","https://openalex.org/W6743440100","https://openalex.org/W6796674694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000097931","https://openalex.org/W2354322770","https://openalex.org/W4237547500","https://openalex.org/W1570848052","https://openalex.org/W2373192430","https://openalex.org/W4239268388","https://openalex.org/W1537496349","https://openalex.org/W2379407973","https://openalex.org/W2890372105","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Roads":[0],"are":[1,7],"important":[2],"mode":[3],"of":[4,114],"transportation,":[5],"which":[6],"very":[8],"convenient":[9],"for":[10,38],"people's":[11],"daily":[12],"work":[13],"and":[14,117],"life.":[15],"However,":[16],"it":[17],"is":[18,55,75,90],"challenging":[19],"to":[20,57,77,92],"accuratly":[21],"extract":[22,59],"road":[23,35,60,96],"information":[24,61],"from":[25,62],"a":[26,34,43,72,83],"high-resolution":[27],"remote":[28,39,63],"sensing":[29,40,64],"image.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"presents":[33],"extraction":[36,112],"method":[37],"images":[41],"with":[42],"complement":[44,95],"UNet":[45,54,88],"(C-UNet).":[46],"C-UNet":[47,136],"contains":[48],"four":[49],"modules.":[50],"Firstly,":[51],"the":[52,67,94,99,103,111,115,118,122,129,138,142],"standard":[53],"used":[56],"roughly":[58],"images,":[65],"getting":[66,121],"first":[68,116],"segmentation":[69,105,124],"result;":[70,106],"secondly,":[71],"fixed":[73],"threshold":[74],"utilized":[76],"erase":[78],"partial":[79],"extracted":[80],"information;":[81],"thirdly,":[82],"multi-scale":[84],"dense":[85],"dilated":[86],"convolution":[87],"(MD-UNet)":[89],"introduced":[91],"discover":[93],"areas":[97],"in":[98],"erased":[100],"masks,":[101],"obtaining":[102],"second":[104],"and,":[107],"finally,":[108],"we":[109],"fuse":[110],"results":[113,127,140],"third":[119],"modules,":[120],"final":[123],"results.":[125],"Experimental":[126],"on":[128],"Massachusetts":[130],"Road":[131],"dataset":[132],"indicate":[133],"that":[134],"our":[135],"gets":[137],"higher":[139],"than":[141],"state-of-the-art":[143],"methods,":[144],"demonstrating":[145],"its":[146],"effectiveness.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
