{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3139254873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062135","title":"The Wildland Fire Heat Budget\u2014Using Bi-Directional Probes to Measure Sensible Heat Flux and Energy in Surface Fires","display_name":"The Wildland Fire Heat Budget\u2014Using Bi-Directional Probes to Measure Sensible Heat Flux and Energy in Surface Fires","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3139254873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062135","mag":"3139254873","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2135/pdf?version=1616655196","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2135/pdf?version=1616655196","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081506199","display_name":"Matthew B. Dickinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-1219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107718","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew B. Dickinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forestry Sciences Lab, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-1219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forestry Sciences Lab, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH 43015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109229739","display_name":"Cyle Wold","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140135","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/04347cr60","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210140135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156316","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f1fs902","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156316"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyle E. Wold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140135","https://openalex.org/I4210156316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000174018","display_name":"Bret W. Butler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140135","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/04347cr60","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210140135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156316","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f1fs902","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156316"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bret W. Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140135","https://openalex.org/I4210156316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072876301","display_name":"Robert L. Kremens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert L. Kremens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, One Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, One Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103472001","display_name":"Daniel M. Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140135","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/04347cr60","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210140135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156316","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f1fs902","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156316"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Jimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140135","https://openalex.org/I4210156316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028394746","display_name":"Paul Sopko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140135","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/04347cr60","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210140135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156316","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f1fs902","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156316"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Sopko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140135","https://openalex.org/I4210156316"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027832545","display_name":"Joseph J. O\u2019Brien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-6063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115267","display_name":"Southern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/022ethc91","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210115267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph J. O\u2019Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Disturbance Science, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Disturbance Science, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081506199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107718"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.9591,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71927024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"2135","last_page":"2135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensible-heat","display_name":"Sensible heat","score":0.8434839248657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-flux","display_name":"Heat flux","score":0.6291400194168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.579086184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion","display_name":"Combustion","score":0.516142725944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.5051870942115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.49889230728149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-flux","display_name":"Energy flux","score":0.4977436363697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.49671226739883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-budget","display_name":"Energy budget","score":0.4284552335739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.36270177364349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.18572846055030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17580723762512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.1383202075958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12766176462173462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59242433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480581","display_name":"Sensible heat","level":2,"score":0.8434839248657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159188206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382","display_name":"Heat flux","level":3,"score":0.6291400194168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.579086184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.516142725944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5051870942115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.49889230728149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55519028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377054","display_name":"Energy flux","level":2,"score":0.4977436363697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.49671226739883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128849468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341258","display_name":"Energy budget","level":2,"score":0.4284552335739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.36270177364349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18572846055030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17580723762512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.1383202075958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12766176462173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2135/pdf?version=1616655196","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33803711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a08851dec6bb4087b6b8c9f0e3c308ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a08851dec6bb4087b6b8c9f0e3c308ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 6, p 2135 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/6/2135/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 6; Pages: 2135","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8003063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8003063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2135/pdf?version=1616655196","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4081967651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11-2-1-11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315660","funder_display_name":"Joint Fire Science Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315660","display_name":"Joint Fire Science Program","ror":"https://ror.org/03ccbtk93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337809","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337818","display_name":"Rocky Mountain Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/04347cr60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139254873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139254873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67573521","https://openalex.org/W1445992086","https://openalex.org/W1488868911","https://openalex.org/W1968697407","https://openalex.org/W1969601839","https://openalex.org/W1972085489","https://openalex.org/W1975120840","https://openalex.org/W1983696950","https://openalex.org/W1984392181","https://openalex.org/W1991125016","https://openalex.org/W1991832533","https://openalex.org/W1995192275","https://openalex.org/W1995951917","https://openalex.org/W1997231303","https://openalex.org/W2003061701","https://openalex.org/W2004436207","https://openalex.org/W2004860507","https://openalex.org/W2006477559","https://openalex.org/W2007945481","https://openalex.org/W2013893062","https://openalex.org/W2015188133","https://openalex.org/W2019028317","https://openalex.org/W2027605665","https://openalex.org/W2027971388","https://openalex.org/W2029012701","https://openalex.org/W2044266599","https://openalex.org/W2046743501","https://openalex.org/W2049312508","https://openalex.org/W2053592031","https://openalex.org/W2062038475","https://openalex.org/W2067077825","https://openalex.org/W2075222521","https://openalex.org/W2075586504","https://openalex.org/W2080272124","https://openalex.org/W2090130292","https://openalex.org/W2098447136","https://openalex.org/W2099722563","https://openalex.org/W2101754870","https://openalex.org/W2114343836","https://openalex.org/W2122461584","https://openalex.org/W2122550595","https://openalex.org/W2124496174","https://openalex.org/W2126338820","https://openalex.org/W2132838771","https://openalex.org/W2141236602","https://openalex.org/W2142442301","https://openalex.org/W2145445755","https://openalex.org/W2150245040","https://openalex.org/W2152247703","https://openalex.org/W2153206254","https://openalex.org/W2159896542","https://openalex.org/W2169427628","https://openalex.org/W2171174928","https://openalex.org/W2174360075","https://openalex.org/W2179834954","https://openalex.org/W2185224927","https://openalex.org/W2214717766","https://openalex.org/W2221184672","https://openalex.org/W2336670464","https://openalex.org/W2495747506","https://openalex.org/W2515104549","https://openalex.org/W2535818163","https://openalex.org/W2593981396","https://openalex.org/W2727280906","https://openalex.org/W2791662877","https://openalex.org/W2799299111","https://openalex.org/W2892267983","https://openalex.org/W2921147727","https://openalex.org/W2946711520","https://openalex.org/W2950118258","https://openalex.org/W2960710220","https://openalex.org/W3006253053","https://openalex.org/W3083847738","https://openalex.org/W3104803445","https://openalex.org/W3113129491","https://openalex.org/W3123045247","https://openalex.org/W4205199852","https://openalex.org/W4234965731","https://openalex.org/W4236767449","https://openalex.org/W4237149621","https://openalex.org/W4239076382","https://openalex.org/W4242829919","https://openalex.org/W4300606262"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151278999","https://openalex.org/W1964527555","https://openalex.org/W1976894381","https://openalex.org/W2155824297","https://openalex.org/W2030973553","https://openalex.org/W2607411597","https://openalex.org/W2028424068","https://openalex.org/W2094245092","https://openalex.org/W3196686260","https://openalex.org/W2090690558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sensible":[0,146],"energy":[1,113,150,163,165,176],"is":[2,30,114,177],"the":[3,93,115,127,170,213],"primary":[4],"mode":[5],"of":[6,54,81,117,174,193],"heat":[7,74,90,118,147],"dissipation":[8],"from":[9,57,158],"combustion":[10],"in":[11,25,98,129,212],"wildland":[12],"surface":[13,96],"fires.":[14],"However,":[15],"despite":[16],"its":[17],"importance":[18],"to":[19,71],"fire":[20,45,162,175,194],"dynamics,":[21],"smoke":[22],"transport,":[23],"and":[24,35,44,48,87,102,137,144,149,183,190,205,208],"determining":[26],"ecological":[27],"effects,":[28],"it":[29],"not":[31],"routinely":[32],"measured.":[33],"McCaffrey":[34],"Heskestad":[36],"(A":[37],"robust":[38],"bidirectional":[39],"low-velocity":[40],"probe":[41,60],"for":[42],"flame":[43,55],"application.":[46],"Combustion":[47],"Flame":[49],"26:125-127,":[50],"1976)":[51],"describe":[52,85],"measurements":[53,151,157,207],"velocity":[56,206],"a":[58,121],"bi-directional":[59,82],"which,":[61],"when":[62],"combined":[63],"with":[64,154],"gas":[65,130,204],"temperature":[66],"measurements,":[67],"can":[68],"be":[69],"used":[70],"estimate":[72],"sensible":[73,89,112,185],"fluxes.":[75],"In":[76,179],"this":[77],"first":[78],"field":[79],"application":[80],"probes,":[83],"we":[84,160],"vertical":[86,142],"horizontal":[88],"fluxes":[91],"during":[92],"RxCADRE":[94],"experimental":[95],"fires":[97],"longleaf":[99],"pine":[100],"savanna":[101],"open":[103],"ranges":[104],"at":[105],"Eglin":[106],"Air":[107],"Force":[108],"Base,":[109],"Florida.":[110],"Flame-front":[111],"time-integral":[116],"flux":[119,148],"over":[120],"residence":[122],"time,":[123],"here":[124],"defined":[125],"by":[126,167],"rise":[128],"temperatures":[131],"above":[132],"ambient.":[133],"Horizontal":[134],"flow":[135,211],"velocities":[136,143],"energies":[138,186],"were":[139,152],"larger":[140],"than":[141],"energies.":[145],"coordinated":[153],"overhead":[155],"radiometer":[156],"which":[159],"estimated":[161],"(total":[164],"generated":[166],"combustion)":[168],"under":[169],"assumption":[171],"that":[172],"17%":[173],"radiated.":[178],"approximation,":[180],"horizontal,":[181],"vertical,":[182],"resultant":[184],"averaged":[187],"75%,":[188],"54%,":[189],"64%,":[191],"respectively,":[192],"energy.":[195],"While":[196],"promising,":[197],"measurement":[198],"challenges":[199],"remain,":[200],"including":[201],"obtaining":[202],"accurate":[203],"capturing":[209],"three-dimensional":[210],"field.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
