{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138543999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062113","title":"Relation3DMOT: Exploiting Deep Affinity for 3D Multi-Object Tracking from View Aggregation","display_name":"Relation3DMOT: Exploiting Deep Affinity for 3D Multi-Object Tracking from View Aggregation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138543999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062113","mag":"3138543999","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2113/pdf?version=1616142911","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2113/pdf?version=1616142911","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761804","display_name":"Can Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8741-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Can Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034499879","display_name":"Luca Zanotti Fragonara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-5280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Zanotti Fragonara","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085012064","display_name":"Antonios Tsourdos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3966-7633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Tsourdos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3966-7633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100761804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.3615,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54456388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"2113","last_page":"2113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.825900673866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.756920337677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7292232513427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5870972275733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5674324631690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5300291180610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.5274897813796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5138404965400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5133625864982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5051003098487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5047904253005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4810536205768585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.48067721724510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4701312482357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43176013231277466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.825900673866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.756920337677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7292232513427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5870972275733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5674324631690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5300291180610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.5274897813796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5138404965400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5133625864982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5051003098487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5047904253005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4810536205768585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.48067721724510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4701312482357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43176013231277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2113/pdf?version=1616142911","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33803021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:55abff6b2c7a457984ad19590fb2e85e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/55abff6b2c7a457984ad19590fb2e85e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 6, p 2113 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/16566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/16566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/6/2113/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 6; Pages: 2113","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8002739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8002739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21062113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2113/pdf?version=1616142911","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138543999.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138543999.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2111644456","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2122088301","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2127084114","https://openalex.org/W2150440166","https://openalex.org/W2211629196","https://openalex.org/W2214352687","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2225887246","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2339473870","https://openalex.org/W2518013266","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2599547527","https://openalex.org/W2609144136","https://openalex.org/W2610871254","https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2681067697","https://openalex.org/W2738318237","https://openalex.org/W2739013603","https://openalex.org/W2788029457","https://openalex.org/W2797257757","https://openalex.org/W2798930779","https://openalex.org/W2811025443","https://openalex.org/W2897545412","https://openalex.org/W2902302021","https://openalex.org/W2902750213","https://openalex.org/W2914819564","https://openalex.org/W2944659840","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2950642167","https://openalex.org/W2953226057","https://openalex.org/W2956985883","https://openalex.org/W2962803115","https://openalex.org/W2963063317","https://openalex.org/W2963074722","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2963940252","https://openalex.org/W2964060597","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2964333437","https://openalex.org/W2965620582","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2971306974","https://openalex.org/W2971472640","https://openalex.org/W2976466812","https://openalex.org/W2977487707","https://openalex.org/W2981393651","https://openalex.org/W3007919940","https://openalex.org/W3034739212","https://openalex.org/W3035333384","https://openalex.org/W3036067687","https://openalex.org/W3095753995","https://openalex.org/W3100953775","https://openalex.org/W3104641012","https://openalex.org/W3106763294","https://openalex.org/W3114753236","https://openalex.org/W3131716792","https://openalex.org/W3132607695","https://openalex.org/W3167095230","https://openalex.org/W6756044931","https://openalex.org/W6757033982","https://openalex.org/W6767432440","https://openalex.org/W6769075430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W2521627374","https://openalex.org/W2965594636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"systems":[1],"need":[2],"to":[3,72,117,145,174],"localize":[4],"and":[5,43,83,122,131,135,159],"track":[6],"surrounding":[7],"objects":[8,51,63,101,154],"in":[9,27,52,64,80,102,155],"3D":[10,19,65,132],"space":[11],"for":[12,56,76,165],"safe":[13],"motion":[14,124],"planning.":[15],"As":[16],"a":[17,24,34,113,139,161],"result,":[18],"multi-object":[20],"tracking":[21,186],"(MOT)":[22],"plays":[23],"vital":[25],"role":[26],"autonomous":[28],"navigation.":[29],"Most":[30],"MOT":[31],"methods":[32],"use":[33],"tracking-by-detection":[35],"pipeline,":[36],"which":[37,58],"includes":[38],"both":[39],"the":[40,84,96,103,119,123,148,156,184],"object":[41,92],"detection":[42,79],"data":[44,167],"association":[45],"tasks.":[46],"However,":[47],"many":[48],"approaches":[49],"detect":[50],"2D":[53,128],"RGB":[54,129],"sequences":[55],"tracking,":[57],"lacks":[59],"reliability":[60],"when":[61],"localizing":[62],"space.":[66],"Furthermore,":[67],"it":[68],"is":[69,87],"still":[70],"challenging":[71],"learn":[73,160],"discriminative":[74],"features":[75,93],"temporally":[77],"consistent":[78],"different":[81,104],"frames,":[82],"affinity":[85,163],"matrix":[86,164],"typically":[88],"learned":[89],"from":[90,127],"independent":[91],"without":[94],"considering":[95],"feature":[97,115,121,125],"interaction":[98],"between":[99,150],"detected":[100],"frames.":[105],"To":[106],"settle":[107],"these":[108],"problems,":[109],"we":[110,137],"first":[111],"employ":[112],"joint":[114],"extractor":[116],"fuse":[118],"appearance":[120],"captured":[126],"images":[130],"point":[133],"clouds,":[134],"then":[136],"propose":[138],"novel":[140],"convolutional":[141],"operation,":[142],"named":[143],"RelationConv,":[144],"better":[146],"exploit":[147],"correlation":[149],"each":[151],"pair":[152],"of":[153],"adjacent":[157],"frames":[158],"deep":[162],"further":[166],"association.":[168],"We":[169],"finally":[170],"provide":[171],"extensive":[172],"evaluation":[173],"reveal":[175],"that":[176],"our":[177],"proposed":[178],"model":[179],"achieves":[180],"state-of-the-art":[181],"performance":[182],"on":[183],"KITTI":[185],"benchmark.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}