{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135351647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051914","title":"Relay Positioning for Load-Balancing and Throughput Enhancement in Dual-Hop Relay Networks","display_name":"Relay Positioning for Load-Balancing and Throughput Enhancement in Dual-Hop Relay Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135351647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051914","mag":"3135351647","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051914","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1914/pdf?version=1615359264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1914/pdf?version=1615359264","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020986522","display_name":"Byungkwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-1292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byungkwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 28644, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 28644, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102747977","display_name":"Taejoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taejoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 28644, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 28644, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102747977"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4801,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65144248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1914","last_page":"1914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.82948899269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.7312124967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.6545156836509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6476600170135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6383197903633118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6148261427879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5931677222251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.44167113304138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.43198078870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4300162196159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4202173352241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3840746283531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16973233222961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.1414482295513153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.82948899269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7312124967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.6545156836509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6476600170135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6383197903633118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6148261427879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5931677222251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.44167113304138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.43198078870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4300162196159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4202173352241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3840746283531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16973233222961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.1414482295513153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051914","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1914/pdf?version=1615359264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33803404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33803404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e459c8a326c4c8e9ae76d2572fdde3e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e459c8a326c4c8e9ae76d2572fdde3e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 5, p 1914 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/5/1914/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 5; Pages: 1914","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7967168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7967168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051914","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1914/pdf?version=1615359264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1720699722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1I1A3068305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135351647.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135351647.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617886523","https://openalex.org/W1816134936","https://openalex.org/W2038186464","https://openalex.org/W2042916860","https://openalex.org/W2060826581","https://openalex.org/W2062183647","https://openalex.org/W2084314925","https://openalex.org/W2085709502","https://openalex.org/W2097908988","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2101240921","https://openalex.org/W2104245854","https://openalex.org/W2110146389","https://openalex.org/W2110757521","https://openalex.org/W2121308898","https://openalex.org/W2123528802","https://openalex.org/W2128186630","https://openalex.org/W2135025372","https://openalex.org/W2142461067","https://openalex.org/W2145873277","https://openalex.org/W2149810255","https://openalex.org/W2157612079","https://openalex.org/W2168998149","https://openalex.org/W2345010158","https://openalex.org/W2507930339","https://openalex.org/W2576298491","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W3004291321","https://openalex.org/W6681759152","https://openalex.org/W6704755273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786534237","https://openalex.org/W2149569983","https://openalex.org/W2303288554","https://openalex.org/W2583418925","https://openalex.org/W3125936868","https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W1989270073","https://openalex.org/W4386698331","https://openalex.org/W2980078855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,138,212],"a":[1,6,16,61,76,108,143],"cellular":[2],"communication":[3],"system,":[4],"deploying":[5],"relay":[7,77],"station":[8,19],"(RS)":[9],"is":[10,68,125,166,217],"an":[11,71,98],"effective":[12],"alternative":[13],"to":[14,53,63,128,135],"installing":[15,40],"new":[17],"base":[18],"(BS).":[20],"A":[21],"dual-hop":[22],"network":[23],"enhances":[24],"the":[25,54,88,130,147,153,163,167,171,185,189,194,214,220,232,247],"throughput":[26,158,182,226,238],"of":[27,155,162,174,198,223,246],"mobile":[28],"stations":[29],"(MSs)":[30],"located":[31],"in":[32,169,231],"shadow":[33],"areas":[34],"or":[35,111,209],"at":[36],"cell":[37],"edges":[38],"by":[39,192],"RSs":[41,134,175],"between":[42,57,180,235],"BSs":[43],"and":[44,59,75,81,90,157,176,196,225,237],"MSs.":[45],"Because":[46],"additional":[47],"radio":[48],"resources":[49],"should":[50],"be":[51,64,136],"allocated":[52],"wireless":[55],"link":[56],"BS":[58,67,80,110],"RS,":[60,112],"frame":[62],"transmitted":[65],"from":[66],"divided":[69],"into":[70],"access":[72],"zone":[73,78],"(AZ)":[74],"(RZ).":[79],"RS":[82,149],"communicate":[83,92],"with":[84,93,107,219],"each":[85],"other":[86,205],"through":[87,97],"RZ,":[89],"they":[91],"their":[94],"registered":[95,106],"MSs":[96,104],"AZ.":[99],"However,":[100],"if":[101],"too":[102],"many":[103],"are":[105],"certain":[109],"MS":[113],"overloading":[114],"may":[115],"cause":[116],"performance":[117,122],"degradation.":[118],"To":[119],"prevent":[120],"such":[121],"degradation,":[123],"it":[124],"very":[126],"important":[127],"find":[129,170],"proper":[131,190],"positions":[132],"for":[133,145,152],"deployed.":[137],"this":[139],"paper,":[140],"we":[141],"propose":[142],"method":[144,165],"finding":[146],"sub-optimal":[148,172],"deployment":[150],"location":[151,173],"purpose":[154],"load-balancing":[156,181,224,236],"enhancement.":[159,183,227,239],"The":[160,240],"advantage":[161],"proposed":[164,186,215,248],"efficiency":[168],"its":[177,200],"reliable":[178],"tradeoff":[179,234],"Since":[184],"scheme":[187,216],"finds":[188],"position":[191],"adjusting":[193],"distance":[195],"angle":[197],"RSs,":[199],"computational":[201],"complexity":[202],"lower":[203],"than":[204],"global":[206],"optimization":[207],"approach":[208],"learning-based":[210],"approach.":[211],"addition,":[213],"constituted":[218],"two":[221],"stages":[222],"These":[228],"procedures":[229],"result":[230],"appropriate":[233],"simulation":[241],"results":[242],"support":[243],"these":[244],"advancements":[245],"scheme.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
