{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134159660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051770","title":"Artificial Neural Networks, Sequence-to-Sequence LSTMs, and Exogenous Variables as Analytical Tools for NO2 (Air Pollution) Forecasting: A Case Study in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain)","display_name":"Artificial Neural Networks, Sequence-to-Sequence LSTMs, and Exogenous Variables as Analytical Tools for NO2 (Air Pollution) Forecasting: A Case Study in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134159660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051770","mag":"3134159660","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33806409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051770","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1770/pdf?version=1615459062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1770/pdf?version=1615459062","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070917357","display_name":"Javier Gonz\u00e1lez-Enrique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5765-369X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier Gonz\u00e1lez-Enrique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Modelling of Systems Research Group (MIS), Department of Computer Science Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of C\u00e1diz, 11204 Algeciras, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5765-369X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Modelling of Systems Research Group (MIS), Department of Computer Science Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of C\u00e1diz, 11204 Algeciras, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033462427","display_name":"Juan Jes\u00fas Ru\u00edz-Aguilar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2170-0693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Jes\u00fas Ruiz-Aguilar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Modelling of Systems Research Group (MIS), Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of C\u00e1diz, 11204 Algeciras, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2170-0693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Modelling of Systems Research Group (MIS), Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of C\u00e1diz, 11204 Algeciras, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090882942","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Moscoso\u2010L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0080-0572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Moscoso-L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Modelling of Systems Research Group (MIS), Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of C\u00e1diz, 11204 Algeciras, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Modelling of Systems Research Group (MIS), Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of C\u00e1diz, 11204 Algeciras, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037345774","display_name":"Daniel Urda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-798X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46176106","display_name":"Universidad de Burgos","ror":"https://ror.org/049da5t36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Urda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo de Inteligencia Computacional Aplicada (GICAP), Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Burgos, Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006 Burgos, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-798X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo de Inteligencia Computacional Aplicada (GICAP), Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Burgos, Av. Cantabria s/n, 09006 Burgos, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056865979","display_name":"Lipika Deka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-884X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134051","display_name":"ITS (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/033sdmz09","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134051"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lipika Deka","raw_affiliation_strings":["The De Montfort University Interdisciplinary Group in Intelligent Transport Systems (DIGITS), Department of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The De Montfort University Interdisciplinary Group in Intelligent Transport Systems (DIGITS), Department of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878","https://openalex.org/I4210134051"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028082915","display_name":"Ignacio J. Turias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4627-0252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio J. Turias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Modelling of Systems Research Group (MIS), Department of Computer Science Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of C\u00e1diz, 11204 Algeciras, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Modelling of Systems Research Group (MIS), Department of Computer Science Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of C\u00e1diz, 11204 Algeciras, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070917357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4644,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78903913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1770","last_page":"1770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7445563673973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.7080655097961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6607551574707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6473609209060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.5092769861221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4714696705341339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4305225908756256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4230627417564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bay","display_name":"Bay","score":0.4118977189064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3535718321800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10675305128097534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7445563673973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7080655097961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6607551574707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6473609209060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5092769861221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4714696705341339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4305225908756256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4230627417564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.4118977189064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3535718321800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10675305128097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051770","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1770/pdf?version=1615459062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33806409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33806409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/7233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10259/7233","pdf_url":"https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/7233/1/Urda-sensors_2021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400051","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos (University of Burgos)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I46176106","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Burgos","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46176106"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:308bf6ac2d86432287ff9b542a328b19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/308bf6ac2d86432287ff9b542a328b19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 5, p 1770 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/20873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/20873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400394","display_name":"DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","host_organization_name":"De Montfort University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/5/1770/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 5; Pages: 1770","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7961900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7961900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rodin.uca.es:10498/24775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10498/24775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400506","display_name":"RODIN (Universidad de C\u00e1diz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39147953","host_organization_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39147953"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors 2021, 21(5), 1770","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051770","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1770/pdf?version=1615459062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1650125035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G793839479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018-098160-B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320180","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325313","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","ror":"https://ror.org/04mxxkb11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134159660.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1522345630","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1701825639","https://openalex.org/W1974758710","https://openalex.org/W1975435017","https://openalex.org/W1977177161","https://openalex.org/W1981552604","https://openalex.org/W1981780459","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1999303581","https://openalex.org/W2006823991","https://openalex.org/W2012296246","https://openalex.org/W2019383010","https://openalex.org/W2020729558","https://openalex.org/W2033412785","https://openalex.org/W2041178263","https://openalex.org/W2042718619","https://openalex.org/W2046780299","https://openalex.org/W2051785665","https://openalex.org/W2051812123","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2064815513","https://openalex.org/W2065504081","https://openalex.org/W2069143585","https://openalex.org/W2077412725","https://openalex.org/W2088217228","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2099325681","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2111215682","https://openalex.org/W2111286455","https://openalex.org/W2112081648","https://openalex.org/W2129488228","https://openalex.org/W2130231837","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2131241448","https://openalex.org/W2136848157","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2147710851","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2154705306","https://openalex.org/W2282992258","https://openalex.org/W2287232709","https://openalex.org/W2315900753","https://openalex.org/W2475596014","https://openalex.org/W2497991222","https://openalex.org/W2619193824","https://openalex.org/W2736789625","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2781379928","https://openalex.org/W2783197284","https://openalex.org/W2798056406","https://openalex.org/W2803892188","https://openalex.org/W2807523795","https://openalex.org/W2810275709","https://openalex.org/W2903089899","https://openalex.org/W2908982823","https://openalex.org/W2921054653","https://openalex.org/W2929532340","https://openalex.org/W2942293501","https://openalex.org/W2948985765","https://openalex.org/W2949888546","https://openalex.org/W2950182411","https://openalex.org/W2953118818","https://openalex.org/W2963740830","https://openalex.org/W2965087576","https://openalex.org/W2965353672","https://openalex.org/W2970316017","https://openalex.org/W2988699204","https://openalex.org/W3039344276","https://openalex.org/W3104887532","https://openalex.org/W3146803896","https://openalex.org/W4205210034","https://openalex.org/W4241727697","https://openalex.org/W4300402905","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6628877408","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6760192523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2240559228","https://openalex.org/W1998854056","https://openalex.org/W163493885","https://openalex.org/W2052614979","https://openalex.org/W788627627","https://openalex.org/W2755812209","https://openalex.org/W1584533863","https://openalex.org/W93324281","https://openalex.org/W2391625088","https://openalex.org/W3013225796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,39,115,160,171],"produce":[4],"accurate":[5],"predictions":[6],"of":[7,15,23,90,105,131,208],"the":[8,21,41,72,78,91,117,125,149,183,209],"NO2":[9,76,82],"concentrations":[10],"at":[11],"a":[12,16,45,54,59],"specific":[13],"station":[14,79,89],"monitoring":[17],"network":[18,92],"located":[19],"in":[20,124,206],"Bay":[22],"Algeciras":[24],"(Spain).":[25],"Artificial":[26],"neural":[27],"networks":[28,35],"(ANNs)":[29],"and":[30,83,98,121,138,164],"sequence-to-sequence":[31],"long":[32],"short-term":[33],"memory":[34],"(LSTMs)":[36],"were":[37,69,113,142],"used":[38,102,114],"create":[40],"forecasting":[42],"models.":[43],"Additionally,":[44,194],"new":[46,192],"prediction":[47,188],"method":[48,178],"was":[49],"proposed":[50,176],"combining":[51],"LSTMs":[52],"using":[53,75],"rolling":[55],"window":[56,107],"scheme":[57],"with":[58],"cross-validation":[60],"procedure":[61],"for":[62,153],"time":[63],"series":[64],"(LSTM-CVT).":[65],"Two":[66],"different":[67,106],"strategies":[68],"followed":[70],"regarding":[71],"input":[73],"variables:":[74],"from":[77,87],"or":[80],"employing":[81],"other":[84],"pollutants":[85],"data":[86],"any":[88],"plus":[93],"meteorological":[94],"variables.":[95],"The":[96,144,175],"ANN":[97],"LSTM-CVT":[99,177],"exogenous":[100,127,145],"models":[101,186],"lagged":[103,119],"datasets":[104],"sizes.":[108],"Several":[109],"feature":[110],"ranking":[111],"methods":[112],"select":[116],"top":[118],"variables":[120,146],"include":[122],"them":[123],"final":[126],"datasets.":[128],"Prediction":[129],"horizons":[130],"t":[132,135,139,154,165],"+":[133,136,140,155,166],"1,":[134],"4":[137,156],"8":[141,167],"employed.":[143],"inclusion":[147],"enhanced":[148],"model\u2019s":[150],"performance,":[151],"especially":[152],"(\u03c1":[157,168],"\u2248":[158,162,169,173],"0.68":[159],"\u03c1":[161,172],"0.74)":[163],"0.59":[170],"0.66).":[174],"delivered":[179],"promising":[180],"results":[181],"as":[182],"best":[184],"performing":[185],"per":[187,195],"horizon":[189],"employed":[190],"this":[191],"methodology.":[193],"each":[196],"parameter":[197],"combination,":[198],"it":[199],"obtained":[200],"lower":[201],"error":[202],"values":[203],"than":[204],"ANNs":[205],"85%":[207],"cases.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}