{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134148882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051723","title":"A Portable Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy System for Dissolved CO2 Detection Using a High-Efficiency Headspace Equilibrator","display_name":"A Portable Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy System for Dissolved CO2 Detection Using a High-Efficiency Headspace Equilibrator","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134148882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051723","mag":"3134148882","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33801423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051723","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1723/pdf?version=1614751137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1723/pdf?version=1614751137","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361548","display_name":"Zhihao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-6736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-6736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457371","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5418-9177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081537690","display_name":"Jinjia Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinjia Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035579131","display_name":"Baolu Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baolu Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009577005","display_name":"Ronger Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-3697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronger Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081537690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.151,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75356989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1723","last_page":"1723"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunable-diode-laser-absorption-spectroscopy","display_name":"Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy","score":0.7209977507591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","score":0.5580341815948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5510403513908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.541558027267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.519038736820221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seawater","display_name":"Seawater","score":0.515335738658905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.4911772906780243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption-spectroscopy","display_name":"Absorption spectroscopy","score":0.4900161325931549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.455043226480484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunable-laser","display_name":"Tunable laser","score":0.362704873085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3269575238227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3132166564464569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2548690438270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.15571606159210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11863884329795837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07345026731491089}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103324678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592333","display_name":"Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.7209977507591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.5580341815948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5510403513908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.541558027267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.519038736820221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197248824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184395","display_name":"Seawater","level":2,"score":0.515335738658905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.4911772906780243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119824511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13553575","display_name":"Absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4900161325931549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.455043226480484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97749803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753940","display_name":"Tunable laser","level":3,"score":0.362704873085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3269575238227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3132166564464569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2548690438270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.15571606159210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11863884329795837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07345026731491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051723","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1723/pdf?version=1614751137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33801423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33801423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:12d5d5782f31433e98677a3a318bc026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/12d5d5782f31433e98677a3a318bc026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 5, p 1723 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/5/1723/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 5; Pages: 1723","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7958633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7958633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051723","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1723/pdf?version=1614751137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4614056531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"841962003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5651022344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41527901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7264288376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41527901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134148882.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134148882.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969184914","https://openalex.org/W2006825659","https://openalex.org/W2030965685","https://openalex.org/W2041647625","https://openalex.org/W2051460181","https://openalex.org/W2054754950","https://openalex.org/W2056136211","https://openalex.org/W2063534846","https://openalex.org/W2067841165","https://openalex.org/W2069996068","https://openalex.org/W2113259580","https://openalex.org/W2117647993","https://openalex.org/W2133151341","https://openalex.org/W2138302511","https://openalex.org/W2146987979","https://openalex.org/W2166560147","https://openalex.org/W2166701269","https://openalex.org/W2173001546","https://openalex.org/W2309309477","https://openalex.org/W2565091854","https://openalex.org/W2756625682","https://openalex.org/W2759076029","https://openalex.org/W2787937034","https://openalex.org/W2887692139","https://openalex.org/W2913259917","https://openalex.org/W2923828197","https://openalex.org/W2956107446","https://openalex.org/W2962845299","https://openalex.org/W2992189415","https://openalex.org/W2996922583","https://openalex.org/W3004226525","https://openalex.org/W3008956712","https://openalex.org/W3025288422","https://openalex.org/W3037095854","https://openalex.org/W3095737512","https://openalex.org/W7073648608"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144475077","https://openalex.org/W4386923908","https://openalex.org/W1996000194","https://openalex.org/W2357372893","https://openalex.org/W2381563930","https://openalex.org/W2538561848","https://openalex.org/W2472035254","https://openalex.org/W2077255822","https://openalex.org/W396005586","https://openalex.org/W2103501573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"observation":[1],"of":[2,98,109,139,159,200],"aquatic":[3],"pCO2":[4],"at":[5],"the":[6,23,60,87,90,93,106,136,147,157,163,190,198,201],"ocean":[7],"surface,":[8],"with":[9,47,102,117],"a":[10,30,48,72,181],"sensitive":[11],"response":[12,137,154],"time":[13,54,138,155],"and":[14,64,105,112,120,189],"high":[15],"spatiotemporal":[16],"resolution,":[17],"is":[18,57],"essential":[19],"for":[20,39,79,204],"research":[21],"into":[22,71],"carbon":[24],"biogeochemical":[25],"cycle.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28,80,130,172],"work,":[29],"portable":[31],"tunable":[32],"diode":[33],"laser":[34],"absorption":[35],"spectroscopy":[36],"(TDLAS)":[37],"system":[38,81,140,203],"dissolved":[40,205],"CO2":[41,206],"detection":[42,62,107],"in":[43,129],"surface":[44],"seawater,":[45],"coupled":[46],"home-made":[49],"headspace":[50],"equilibrator,":[51],"allowing":[52],"real":[53],"underway":[55,183],"measurements,":[56],"described.":[58],"Both":[59],"optical":[61],"part":[63,67],"sample":[65],"extraction":[66],"were":[68,115,192],"integrated":[69],"together":[70],"compact":[73],"chamber.":[74],"An":[75],"empirical":[76],"equation":[77],"suitable":[78],"was":[82,100,132,167,174,186],"acquired,":[83],"which":[84],"can":[85],"convert":[86],"concentration":[88,165],"from":[89],"gas-phase":[91],"to":[92,146],"aqueous-phase.":[94],"A":[95],"monitoring":[96],"precision":[97],"0.5%":[99],"obtained":[101],"time-series":[103],"measurement,":[104],"limits":[108],"2.3":[110],"ppmv":[111,114],"0.1":[113],"determined":[116],"1":[118],"s":[119,122,161],"128":[121],"averaging":[123],"time,":[124],"respectively.":[125],"Sampling":[126],"device":[127],"used":[128],"work":[131,196],"ameliorated":[133],"so":[134],"that":[135],"reduced":[141],"by":[142],"about":[143],"50%":[144],"compared":[145],"traditional":[148],"\u2018shower":[149],"head\u2019":[150],"system.":[151],"The":[152],"fast":[153],"reached":[156],"order":[158],"41":[160],"when":[162],"final":[164],"span":[166],"3079":[168],"ppmv.":[169],"For1902":[170],"ppmv,":[171],"figure":[173],"as":[175,177],"short":[176],"20":[178],"s.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"field":[182],"measurement":[184],"campaign":[185],"carried":[187],"out":[188],"results":[191],"briefly":[193],"analyzed.":[194],"Our":[195],"proved":[197],"feasibility":[199],"TDLAS":[202],"rapid":[207],"detection.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}