{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135346523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051637","title":"Adaptive Complex Variational Mode Decomposition for Micro-Motion Signal Processing Applications","display_name":"Adaptive Complex Variational Mode Decomposition for Micro-Motion Signal Processing Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135346523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051637","mag":"3135346523","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33652710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1637/pdf?version=1614825824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1637/pdf?version=1614825824","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078942030","display_name":"Saiqiang Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-8197"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saiqiang Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-8197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381075","display_name":"Jun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-6130"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047512788","display_name":"Wanyong Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanyong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101769883","display_name":"Chaowei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-3772"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaowei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016050907","display_name":"Liangfa Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangfa Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071975413","display_name":"Zibo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-6190"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zibo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078942030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.6653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83255138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1637","last_page":"1637"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.7225197553634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.5839217901229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.5281607508659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5040096640586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-spectrum-analysis","display_name":"Singular spectrum analysis","score":0.4837784469127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.48062723875045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45686906576156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.44285884499549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4404506981372833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.4106614291667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3995524048805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35013988614082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2466229796409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.10304644703865051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.7225197553634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5839217901229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.5281607508659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5040096640586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136272165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048889","display_name":"Singular spectrum analysis","level":3,"score":0.4837784469127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.48062723875045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45686906576156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.44285884499549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4404506981372833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.4106614291667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3995524048805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35013988614082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2466229796409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.10304644703865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1637/pdf?version=1614825824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33652710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33652710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:435bf6f41ffa437fad4f74e4c7b86e00","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/435bf6f41ffa437fad4f74e4c7b86e00","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 5, p 1637 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/5/1637/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 5; Pages: 1637","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7956541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7956541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1637/pdf?version=1614825824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7949269242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135346523.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135346523.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W232533688","https://openalex.org/W1971219721","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2003228697","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2008899576","https://openalex.org/W2023403064","https://openalex.org/W2067534574","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2128331885","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2140554090","https://openalex.org/W2150619001","https://openalex.org/W2283544056","https://openalex.org/W2315799453","https://openalex.org/W2399847232","https://openalex.org/W2488314661","https://openalex.org/W2530071817","https://openalex.org/W2589138705","https://openalex.org/W2596264646","https://openalex.org/W2737410489","https://openalex.org/W2755032938","https://openalex.org/W2763512572","https://openalex.org/W2793352343","https://openalex.org/W3005960820","https://openalex.org/W3151633797","https://openalex.org/W3154732924","https://openalex.org/W6793458478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989294741","https://openalex.org/W2038393145","https://openalex.org/W2617244595","https://openalex.org/W1997246199","https://openalex.org/W2548385749","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2085555817","https://openalex.org/W2138650361","https://openalex.org/W2558326023","https://openalex.org/W239869582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1,77],"to":[2,52,68,88],"suppress":[3],"the":[4,10,56,60,65,69,74,90,118,130,134,141,149,165,171,177,180,190,196,201,210],"strong":[5,197],"clutter":[6,198],"component":[7,13,199,203],"and":[8,112,122,140,161,176,200,218],"separate":[9],"effective":[11,76],"fretting":[12],"from":[14,36,64,204],"narrow-band":[15],"radar":[16,205],"echo,":[17],"a":[18,43],"method":[19,192],"based":[20],"on":[21],"complex":[22,70],"variational":[23,37],"mode":[24,38,114,137,216],"decomposition":[25,39,86,101,115,213,217],"(CVMD)":[26],"is":[27,34,42,62,81,104,145,173,183],"proposed":[28,191],"in":[29],"this":[30],"paper.":[31],"The":[32,185],"CVMD":[33],"extended":[35,63],"(VMD),":[40],"which":[41,144],"recently":[44],"introduced":[45],"technique":[46],"for":[47],"adaptive":[48],"signal":[49,172,182],"decomposition,":[50],"limited":[51],"only":[53],"dealing":[54],"with":[55],"real":[57,66],"signal.":[58],"Thus,":[59],"VMD":[61],"domain":[67,71],"firstly.":[72],"Then,":[73],"optimal":[75],"of":[78,92,100,179],"singular":[79,84],"value":[80,85],"obtained":[82],"by":[83,97,128],"(SVD)":[87],"solve":[89],"problem":[91],"under-decomposition":[93],"or":[94],"over-decomposition":[95],"caused":[96],"unreasonable":[98],"choice":[99],"layer,":[102],"it":[103],"more":[105,146,207],"accurate":[106],"than":[107,148,209],"detrended":[108],"fluctuation":[109],"analysis":[110],"(DFA)":[111],"empirical":[113,215],"(EMD).":[116],"Finally,":[117],"strongly":[119],"correlated":[120,124],"modes":[121,125,168],"weakly":[123],"are":[126,169],"judged":[127],"calculating":[129],"Mahalanobis":[131],"distance":[132,160],"between":[133],"band-limited":[135],"intrinsic":[136],"functions":[138],"(BLIMFs)":[139],"original":[142],"signal,":[143],"robust":[147],"correlation":[150,167],"judgment":[151],"methods":[152],"such":[153],"as":[154],"computing":[155],"cross-correlation,":[156],"Euclidean":[157],"distance,":[158],"Bhattachryya":[159],"Hausdorff":[162],"distance.":[163],"After":[164],"weak":[166],"eliminated,":[170],"reconstructed":[174],"locally,":[175],"separation":[178],"micro-motion":[181],"realized.":[184],"experimental":[186],"results":[187],"show":[188],"that":[189],"can":[193],"filter":[194],"out":[195],"fuselage":[202],"echo":[206],"effectively":[208],"local":[211],"mean":[212],"(LMD),":[214],"moving":[219],"target":[220],"indicator":[221],"(MTI)":[222],"filter.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
