{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133069477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051633","title":"A Novel Pix2Pix Enabled Traveling Wave-Based Fault Location Method","display_name":"A Novel Pix2Pix Enabled Traveling Wave-Based Fault Location Method","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133069477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051633","mag":"3133069477","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33652633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051633","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1633/pdf?version=1614761599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1633/pdf?version=1614761599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085467639","display_name":"Jinxian Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862376","display_name":"Qingwu Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-2059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingwu Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707830","display_name":"Haojie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4577-3600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383190","display_name":"Y\u00fcbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4994-2931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yubo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449864","display_name":"Yilin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-8753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101862376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8395,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7788071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1633","last_page":"1633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5618401169776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5120375752449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.49927282333374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47210827469825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traveling-wave","display_name":"Traveling wave","score":0.452046662569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4433930516242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4374474883079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3392110764980316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32231640815734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2901911437511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21705326437950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1965477466583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.15127798914909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1469174325466156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5618401169776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5120375752449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.49927282333374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47210827469825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988173416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37172","display_name":"Traveling wave","level":2,"score":0.452046662569046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4433930516242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4374474883079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3392110764980316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32231640815734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2901911437511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21705326437950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1965477466583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.15127798914909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1469174325466156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051633","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1633/pdf?version=1614761599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33652633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33652633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be93e6f1f1514ed6a59edc0327491435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be93e6f1f1514ed6a59edc0327491435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 5, p 1633 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/5/1633/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 5; Pages: 1633","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7956815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7956815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051633","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1633/pdf?version=1614761599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133069477.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133069477.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531552962","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1983852042","https://openalex.org/W2019909349","https://openalex.org/W2027630984","https://openalex.org/W2028896432","https://openalex.org/W2052965308","https://openalex.org/W2084215267","https://openalex.org/W2091470765","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2101117369","https://openalex.org/W2109641041","https://openalex.org/W2119574622","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2152328854","https://openalex.org/W2155833003","https://openalex.org/W2159670368","https://openalex.org/W2278213314","https://openalex.org/W2342877626","https://openalex.org/W2347027361","https://openalex.org/W2395167132","https://openalex.org/W2410775548","https://openalex.org/W2466968898","https://openalex.org/W2468457481","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2883973549","https://openalex.org/W2905833087","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963185411","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2973073059","https://openalex.org/W2981344804","https://openalex.org/W3022896650","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3102554652","https://openalex.org/W3109365621","https://openalex.org/W3150861920","https://openalex.org/W3152138705","https://openalex.org/W6711718424","https://openalex.org/W6753211531","https://openalex.org/W6959743518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2975200075","https://openalex.org/W2007544051","https://openalex.org/W1837097281","https://openalex.org/W1966410754","https://openalex.org/W2363840281","https://openalex.org/W2325242284","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2789220062","https://openalex.org/W2030539674","https://openalex.org/W2092957489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,55,85],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,23],"new":[4],"Image-to-Image":[5],"Translation":[6],"(Pix2Pix)":[7],"enabled":[8],"deep":[9],"learning":[10],"method":[11,32],"for":[12],"traveling":[13,98],"wave-based":[14],"fault":[15,62,104],"location.":[16],"Unlike":[17],"the":[18,28,30,35,43,53,61,68,76,89,93,97],"previous":[19],"methods":[20],"that":[21,75],"require":[22],"high":[24],"sampling":[25],"frequency":[26,45,50],"of":[27,92,96],"PMU,":[29],"proposed":[31],"can":[33,81],"translate":[34],"scale":[36],"1":[37],"detail":[38],"component":[39],"image":[40],"provided":[41],"by":[42,79],"low":[44],"PMU":[46],"data":[47],"to":[48,58,87,102],"higher":[49],"ones":[51],"via":[52,67],"Pix2Pix.":[54],"allows":[56],"us":[57],"significantly":[59],"improve":[60,88],"location":[63,105],"accuracy.":[64],"Test":[65],"results":[66],"YOLO":[69],"v3":[70],"object":[71],"recognition":[72],"algorithm":[73],"show":[74],"images":[77],"generated":[78],"pix2pix":[80],"be":[82],"accurately":[83],"identified.":[84],"enables":[86],"estimation":[90],"accuracy":[91],"arrival":[94],"time":[95],"wave":[99],"head,":[100],"leading":[101],"better":[103],"outcomes.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
