{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129851950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051609","title":"Ultra-High Resolution Imaging Method for Distributed Small Satellite Spotlight MIMO-SAR Based on Sub-Aperture Image Fusion","display_name":"Ultra-High Resolution Imaging Method for Distributed Small Satellite Spotlight MIMO-SAR Based on Sub-Aperture Image Fusion","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129851950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051609","mag":"3129851950","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33668928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1609/pdf?version=1614852760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1609/pdf?version=1614852760","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102949818","display_name":"Fang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-510X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101630794","display_name":"Jun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3717-5077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046320247","display_name":"Lu Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101119108","display_name":"Xingming Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021408538","display_name":"Mengdao Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdao Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","Institute of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102949818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.247,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96439606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1609","last_page":"1609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8452380895614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6445952653884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5477851629257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.518277108669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5038086771965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4997904300689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deblurring","display_name":"Deblurring","score":0.42662927508354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.4244774580001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3566727042198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20271557569503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2017577886581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16275566816329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14738729596138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13215583562850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.1265406310558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.06759443879127502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.8452380895614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6445952653884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5477851629257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.518277108669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5038086771965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4997904300689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053743","display_name":"Deblurring","level":5,"score":0.42662927508354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.4244774580001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3566727042198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20271557569503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2017577886581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16275566816329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14738729596138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13215583562850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.1265406310558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.06759443879127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1609/pdf?version=1614852760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33668928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33668928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:813b4616128a4f55a46994cc82988bc0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/813b4616128a4f55a46994cc82988bc0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 5, p 1609 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/5/1609/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 5; Pages: 1609","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7956687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7956687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1609/pdf?version=1614852760","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1812602839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2120976355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5166017099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1808085MF168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7922338569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016M592045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129851950.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129851950.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516988621","https://openalex.org/W1982918554","https://openalex.org/W2004580519","https://openalex.org/W2025615944","https://openalex.org/W2046542582","https://openalex.org/W2048297722","https://openalex.org/W2100486279","https://openalex.org/W2106099757","https://openalex.org/W2107055196","https://openalex.org/W2130928328","https://openalex.org/W2132506160","https://openalex.org/W2171234155","https://openalex.org/W2374638844","https://openalex.org/W2391994207","https://openalex.org/W2767145303","https://openalex.org/W2887558414","https://openalex.org/W2896766095","https://openalex.org/W2897350314","https://openalex.org/W2897544529","https://openalex.org/W2899909567","https://openalex.org/W2910266710","https://openalex.org/W2975832642","https://openalex.org/W2985641273","https://openalex.org/W3039569670","https://openalex.org/W3088418670","https://openalex.org/W3098538283","https://openalex.org/W3111999032","https://openalex.org/W6662004578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308216825","https://openalex.org/W4312281738","https://openalex.org/W2062923025","https://openalex.org/W2786875726","https://openalex.org/W4287817146","https://openalex.org/W4226194415","https://openalex.org/W3009226622","https://openalex.org/W3015323103","https://openalex.org/W3107405705","https://openalex.org/W2088835499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small":[0],"satellite":[1,36,55],"synthetic":[2],"aperture":[3],"radar":[4],"(SAR)":[5],"has":[6],"become":[7],"a":[8,104],"new":[9],"development":[10,23],"direction":[11],"of":[12,19,117],"spaceborne":[13],"SAR":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,71],"its":[17],"advantages":[18],"flexible":[20],"launch,":[21],"short":[22],"cycle,":[24],"and":[25,64,94,115],"low":[26],"cost.":[27],"However,":[28],"there":[29],"are":[30],"fewer":[31],"researches":[32],"on":[33],"distributed":[34,53],"small":[35,54],"multiple":[37,39],"input":[38],"output":[40],"(MIMO)":[41],"SAR.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"an":[46,86],"ultra-high":[47,97],"resolution":[48,98],"imaging":[49],"method":[50],"for":[51],"the":[52,60,65,75,78,96,113,118],"spotlight":[56],"MIMO-SAR,":[57],"which":[58],"applies":[59],"sub-aperture":[61,66,76,105],"division":[62],"technique":[63],"image":[67,99,106],"coherent":[68,107],"fusion":[69,108],"algorithm":[70],"MIMO-SAR.":[72],"After":[73],"deblurring":[74],"signal,":[77],"large":[79],"bandwidth":[80,90],"signal":[81],"is":[82,100],"obtained":[83,101],"by":[84,102],"using":[85,103],"improved":[87],"time":[88],"domain":[89],"synthesis":[91],"(TBS)":[92],"method,":[93],"then":[95],"algorithm.":[109],"Simulation":[110],"results":[111],"validate":[112],"feasibility":[114],"effectiveness":[116],"proposed":[119],"approach.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
