{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132667007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041440","title":"Three State Estimation Fusion Methods Based on the Characteristic Function Filtering","display_name":"Three State Estimation Fusion Methods Based on the Characteristic Function Filtering","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132667007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041440","mag":"3132667007","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33669528"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1440/pdf?version=1614322664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1440/pdf?version=1614322664","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001351060","display_name":"Yiran Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Science and Control Engineering, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Science and Control Engineering, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086718724","display_name":"Chenglin Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-2849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenglin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Science and Control Engineering, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","School of Automation, Guangdong University of Pertrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Science and Control Engineering, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Pertrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006808383","display_name":"Yiting Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiting Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Science and Control Engineering, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Science and Control Engineering, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101769043","display_name":"Xiaohui Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-4215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Science and Control Engineering, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Science and Control Engineering, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086718724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140","https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.3902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68053111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1440","last_page":"1440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.694390058517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6738698482513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6600801348686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-adaptive-filter","display_name":"Kernel adaptive filter","score":0.6328234672546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-design","display_name":"Filter design","score":0.615756630897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5979174375534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-raised-cosine-filter","display_name":"Root-raised-cosine filter","score":0.5167721509933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-beta-filter","display_name":"Alpha beta filter","score":0.483510285615921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.46131229400634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","score":0.4461268484592438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-kalman-filter","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","score":0.4225912094116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-filter","display_name":"Nonlinear filter","score":0.4203639626502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.3732043504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36675959825515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16816970705986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.09719103574752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moving-horizon-estimation","display_name":"Moving horizon estimation","score":0.06709468364715576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.694390058517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6738698482513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6600801348686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13107197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6394192","display_name":"Kernel adaptive filter","level":4,"score":0.6328234672546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449227","display_name":"Filter design","level":3,"score":0.615756630897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5979174375534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76826599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1248611","display_name":"Root-raised-cosine filter","level":4,"score":0.5167721509933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11588082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4735154","display_name":"Alpha beta filter","level":5,"score":0.483510285615921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.46131229400634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.4461268484592438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79334102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072268","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.4225912094116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137685913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4316763","display_name":"Nonlinear filter","level":4,"score":0.4203639626502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.3732043504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36675959825515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16816970705986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.09719103574752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50050547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6927137","display_name":"Moving horizon estimation","level":4,"score":0.06709468364715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1440/pdf?version=1614322664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33669528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33669528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d59fa3c339224f178c17313d147c2e6e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d59fa3c339224f178c17313d147c2e6e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4, p 1440 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/4/1440/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 4; Pages: 1440","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7922971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7922971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1440/pdf?version=1614322664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132667007.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008962946","https://openalex.org/W2016196211","https://openalex.org/W2054091988","https://openalex.org/W2076186907","https://openalex.org/W2083402998","https://openalex.org/W2100273703","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2117102490","https://openalex.org/W2132788494","https://openalex.org/W2156093299","https://openalex.org/W2164136313","https://openalex.org/W2170076406","https://openalex.org/W2301698796","https://openalex.org/W2484079279","https://openalex.org/W2588868028","https://openalex.org/W2615682953","https://openalex.org/W2792482170","https://openalex.org/W2905042395","https://openalex.org/W2916116476","https://openalex.org/W2963134661","https://openalex.org/W2979422966","https://openalex.org/W2991607857","https://openalex.org/W3004400490","https://openalex.org/W3013123437","https://openalex.org/W3016538318","https://openalex.org/W3036015592","https://openalex.org/W3045040561","https://openalex.org/W3047727630","https://openalex.org/W3097616020","https://openalex.org/W6738532598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154413094","https://openalex.org/W2080577510","https://openalex.org/W3172287968","https://openalex.org/W2333256306","https://openalex.org/W2359553624","https://openalex.org/W2388197328","https://openalex.org/W4248148385","https://openalex.org/W2078971444","https://openalex.org/W2371115672","https://openalex.org/W2090618632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,129],"three":[2,118,125],"state":[3,41],"estimation":[4,42],"fusion":[5,120],"methods":[6],"for":[7,105,111],"a":[8],"class":[9],"of":[10,60,69,78,116,134],"strong":[11],"nonlinear":[12],"measurement":[13],"systems,":[14],"based":[15],"on":[16],"the":[17,22,34,39,45,58,61,70,79,83,97,117,135],"characteristic":[18],"function":[19],"filter,":[20,24,26],"namely":[21],"centralized":[23,35,50,71],"parallel":[25,46,80],"and":[27,44,53,73,93,96,107],"sequential":[28,62,84],"filter.":[29,81],"Under":[30],"ideal":[31],"communication":[32],"conditions,":[33,89],"filter":[36,47,63,72,85],"can":[37,48,86],"obtain":[38],"best":[40],"accuracy,":[43],"simplify":[49],"calculation":[51],"complexity":[52],"improve":[54],"feasibility;":[55],"in":[56],"addition,":[57],"performance":[59,115],"is":[64,122],"very":[65],"close":[66],"to":[67],"that":[68,77,133],"far":[74],"better":[75,131],"than":[76,132],"However,":[82],"tolerate":[87],"non-ideal":[88],"such":[90],"as":[91],"delay":[92,106],"packet":[94,112],"loss,":[95],"first":[98],"two":[99],"filters":[100,121],"cannot":[101],"operate":[102],"normally":[103],"online":[104],"will":[108],"be":[109],"invalid":[110],"loss.":[113],"The":[114],"designed":[119],"illustrated":[123],"by":[124],"typical":[126],"cases,":[127],"which":[128],"all":[130],"most":[136],"popular":[137],"Extended":[138],"Kalman":[139],"Filter":[140],"(EKF)":[141],"performance.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}