{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131408120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041428","title":"SELAMAT: A New Secure and Lightweight Multi-Factor Authentication Scheme for Cross-Platform Industrial IoT Systems","display_name":"SELAMAT: A New Secure and Lightweight Multi-Factor Authentication Scheme for Cross-Platform Industrial IoT Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131408120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041428","mag":"3131408120","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33670675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1428/pdf?version=1613698630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1428/pdf?version=1613698630","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086599765","display_name":"Haqi Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-1398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haqi Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-1398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026258736","display_name":"Shaiful Jahari Hashim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-897X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaiful Jahari Hashim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003834608","display_name":"Sharifah Mumtazah Syed Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-8451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharifah Mumtazah Syed Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011013398","display_name":"Fazirulhisyam Hashim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazirulhisyam Hashim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019823459","display_name":"Muhammad Akmal Chaudhary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-3377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Akmal Chaudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-3377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026258736","https://openalex.org/A5086599765"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":6.4079,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96678264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1428","last_page":"1428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7386585474014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6883833408355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-authentication","display_name":"Mutual authentication","score":0.6471712589263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5704874396324158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5647416114807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5563477873802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5304424166679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4425317943096161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-communication","display_name":"Secure communication","score":0.41657018661499023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7386585474014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6883833408355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.6471712589263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5704874396324158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5647416114807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5563477873802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5304424166679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4425317943096161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.41657018661499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1428/pdf?version=1613698630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33670675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33670675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa58c1d78bf94eaf92ac1007a62b2cb5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa58c1d78bf94eaf92ac1007a62b2cb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4, p 1428 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/4/1428/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 4; Pages: 1428","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:95028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7922923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7922923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1428/pdf?version=1613698630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131408120.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131408120.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1648003000","https://openalex.org/W1991229679","https://openalex.org/W2038194220","https://openalex.org/W2124638162","https://openalex.org/W2131789459","https://openalex.org/W2173514400","https://openalex.org/W2397275348","https://openalex.org/W2497816424","https://openalex.org/W2763925543","https://openalex.org/W2768696376","https://openalex.org/W2791328896","https://openalex.org/W2804900363","https://openalex.org/W2805161995","https://openalex.org/W2884189562","https://openalex.org/W2893109375","https://openalex.org/W2902965207","https://openalex.org/W2904217141","https://openalex.org/W2904964577","https://openalex.org/W2906140151","https://openalex.org/W2913287787","https://openalex.org/W2919782006","https://openalex.org/W2924430950","https://openalex.org/W2968743294","https://openalex.org/W2983008824","https://openalex.org/W2992805288","https://openalex.org/W2999802385","https://openalex.org/W3004787138","https://openalex.org/W3015913521","https://openalex.org/W3021056047","https://openalex.org/W3028011062","https://openalex.org/W3030598855","https://openalex.org/W3034677735","https://openalex.org/W3039758654","https://openalex.org/W3040838472","https://openalex.org/W3047795393","https://openalex.org/W3084168924","https://openalex.org/W6712371521","https://openalex.org/W6756996839","https://openalex.org/W6771600901","https://openalex.org/W6772465618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006953289","https://openalex.org/W2062887130","https://openalex.org/W2142259081","https://openalex.org/W3017301090","https://openalex.org/W2893892368","https://openalex.org/W2091431498","https://openalex.org/W4362728403","https://openalex.org/W1991912818","https://openalex.org/W2115850649","https://openalex.org/W3151679966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70,112,145,180],"development":[1],"of":[2,6,12],"the":[3,10,13,36,74,116,121,133,154,159,184,196],"industrial":[4],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IIoT)":[8],"promotes":[9],"integration":[11],"cross-platform":[14,108],"systems":[15,110],"in":[16,29,44],"fog":[17,42,95,137],"computing,":[18],"which":[19],"enable":[20],"users":[21,34,92],"to":[22,25,67,89,140,175],"obtain":[23],"access":[24],"multiple":[26],"application":[27],"located":[28],"different":[30,45],"geographical":[31],"locations.":[32],"Fog":[33],"at":[35],"network's":[37],"edge":[38,75,134],"communicate":[39],"with":[40,77],"many":[41],"servers":[43,50,139],"fogs":[46],"and":[47,64,81,102,119,129,136,192],"newly":[48],"joined":[49],"that":[51,183],"they":[52],"had":[53],"never":[54],"contacted":[55],"before.":[56],"This":[57],"communication":[58,131],"complexity":[59],"brings":[60],"enormous":[61],"security":[62,151,156],"challenges":[63],"potential":[65],"vulnerability":[66],"malicious":[68],"threats.":[69],"attacker":[71],"may":[72],"replace":[73],"device":[76],"a":[78,85,99],"fake":[79],"one":[80],"authenticate":[82],"it":[83],"as":[84],"legitimate":[86],"device.":[87],"Therefore,":[88],"prevent":[90],"unauthorized":[91],"from":[93],"accessing":[94],"servers,":[96],"we":[97],"propose":[98],"new":[100],"secure":[101,130,142,177],"lightweight":[103],"multi-factor":[104],"authentication":[105],"scheme":[106,114,146,167,186],"for":[107,124,149],"IoT":[109],"(SELAMAT).":[111],"proposed":[113],"extends":[115],"Kerberos":[117],"workflow":[118],"utilizes":[120],"AES-ECC":[122],"algorithm":[123],"efficient":[125],"encryption":[126],"keys":[127],"management":[128],"between":[132],"nodes":[135],"node":[138],"establish":[141],"mutual":[143,178],"authentication.":[144,179],"was":[147],"tested":[148],"its":[150],"analysis":[152],"using":[153,168],"formal":[155],"verification":[157],"under":[158],"widely":[160],"accepted":[161],"AVISPA":[162],"tool.":[163],"We":[164],"proved":[165],"our":[166],"Burrows":[169],"Abdi":[170],"Needham's":[171],"logic":[172],"(BAN":[173],"logic)":[174],"prove":[176],"results":[181],"show":[182],"SELAMAT":[185],"provides":[187],"better":[188],"security,":[189],"functionality,":[190],"communication,":[191],"computation":[193],"cost":[194],"than":[195],"existing":[197],"schemes.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
