{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130610301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041395","title":"A Framework for the Automatic Integration and Diagnosis of Building Energy Consumption Data","display_name":"A Framework for the Automatic Integration and Diagnosis of Building Energy Consumption Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130610301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041395","mag":"3130610301","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33671242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041395","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1395/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1395/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023988742","display_name":"Shuang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0988-3615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089322101","display_name":"Zhen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9653-0097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen-Zhong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044064034","display_name":"Jia\u2010Rui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-8675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Rui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101990657","display_name":"Yunyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-7519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101990657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7265,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67801834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1395","last_page":"1395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9391000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.7053303122520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6016918420791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5423920154571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.5264285802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-management-system","display_name":"Building management system","score":0.5009419918060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4971766769886017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-automation","display_name":"Building automation","score":0.48945820331573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integration","display_name":"Data integration","score":0.48118525743484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4796103239059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3768508732318878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2586996555328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24513795971870422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.7053303122520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6016918420791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5423920154571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5264285802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106527866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1489497","display_name":"Building management system","level":3,"score":0.5009419918060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4971766769886017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.48945820331573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.48118525743484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4796103239059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3768508732318878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2586996555328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24513795971870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041395","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1395/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33671242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33671242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:abf20268bc904c0382fb3758f63121fb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/abf20268bc904c0382fb3758f63121fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4, p 1395 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/4/1395/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 4; Pages: 1395","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7922072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7922072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041395","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1395/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5304532196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0704200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7364803729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51778336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130610301.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130610301.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176750144","https://openalex.org/W1196591110","https://openalex.org/W1470841565","https://openalex.org/W1496151093","https://openalex.org/W1646074461","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1759039556","https://openalex.org/W1815414460","https://openalex.org/W1965606617","https://openalex.org/W1972462832","https://openalex.org/W1983446105","https://openalex.org/W1993499281","https://openalex.org/W1999769555","https://openalex.org/W2003591606","https://openalex.org/W2007368553","https://openalex.org/W2026041010","https://openalex.org/W2026980178","https://openalex.org/W2040511331","https://openalex.org/W2041328459","https://openalex.org/W2046023533","https://openalex.org/W2089741653","https://openalex.org/W2113892213","https://openalex.org/W2119531181","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2129918481","https://openalex.org/W2136539597","https://openalex.org/W2194209464","https://openalex.org/W2207229987","https://openalex.org/W2295385469","https://openalex.org/W2307825619","https://openalex.org/W2321609002","https://openalex.org/W2489886629","https://openalex.org/W2594434602","https://openalex.org/W2610396950","https://openalex.org/W2624139643","https://openalex.org/W2748454077","https://openalex.org/W2752351227","https://openalex.org/W2754029504","https://openalex.org/W2759208844","https://openalex.org/W2761243108","https://openalex.org/W2767186242","https://openalex.org/W2792294038","https://openalex.org/W2804911821","https://openalex.org/W2810361442","https://openalex.org/W2868944980","https://openalex.org/W2872160748","https://openalex.org/W2912850190","https://openalex.org/W3008984259","https://openalex.org/W3094244409","https://openalex.org/W3108879696","https://openalex.org/W6628484982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2246563867","https://openalex.org/W2326668440","https://openalex.org/W4390970874","https://openalex.org/W4240359851","https://openalex.org/W2604419375","https://openalex.org/W2296534813","https://openalex.org/W4286354644","https://openalex.org/W4200325458","https://openalex.org/W4391423612","https://openalex.org/W2521327745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Buildings":[0],"account":[1],"for":[2,52],"a":[3,49,85,120],"majority":[4],"of":[5,10,16,23,28,34,58,122],"the":[6,11,26,41,53,98,109],"primary":[7],"energy":[8,18,30,60,104],"consumption":[9,19,61],"human":[12],"society,":[13],"therefore,":[14],"analyses":[15],"building":[17,35,59,65,70,74],"monitoring":[20],"data":[21,62,72,100,117],"are":[22],"significance":[24],"to":[25,40,77,101],"discovery":[27],"anomalous":[29,103],"usage":[31],"patterns,":[32],"saving":[33],"utility":[36],"expenditures,":[37],"and":[38,56,92,108,114],"contribution":[39],"greater":[42],"environmental":[43],"protection":[44],"effort.":[45],"This":[46,81],"paper":[47,82],"presents":[48],"unified":[50],"framework":[51,87,107],"automatic":[54],"extraction":[55],"integration":[57],"from":[63,73,116,119],"heterogeneous":[64],"management":[66],"systems,":[67],"along":[68],"with":[69],"static":[71],"information":[75],"models":[76],"serve":[78],"analysis":[79],"applications.":[80],"also":[83],"proposes":[84],"diagnosis":[86],"based":[88],"on":[89],"density-based":[90],"clustering":[91],"artificial":[93],"neural":[94],"network":[95],"regression":[96],"using":[97],"integrated":[99],"identify":[102],"usages.":[105],"The":[106],"methods":[110],"have":[111],"been":[112],"implemented":[113],"validated":[115],"collected":[118],"multitude":[121],"large-scale":[123],"public":[124],"buildings":[125],"across":[126],"China.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}