{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129484165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041369","title":"A Robot Operating System Framework for Secure UAV Communications","display_name":"A Robot Operating System Framework for Secure UAV Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129484165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041369","mag":"3129484165","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33672043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1369/pdf?version=1614050097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1369/pdf?version=1614050097","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645696","display_name":"Hyo-Jun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyojun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114858661","display_name":"Jiyoung Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-8476"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyoung Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["INTUSEER Inc., Daegu 41260, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INTUSEER Inc., Daegu 41260, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012086987","display_name":"Min-Seong Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-9736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Seong Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073593813","display_name":"Kyung\u2010Joon Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-6461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyung-Joon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073593813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":20.7043,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98833073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1369","last_page":"1369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6925359964370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5961765050888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5842083692550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.572503387928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5224156379699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5201252102851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5190180540084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.44695907831192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3878091871738434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34436917304992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3335861265659332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2020920217037201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.20197179913520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.12743878364562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1120297908782959}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6925359964370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5961765050888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5842083692550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.572503387928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5224156379699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5201252102851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5190180540084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.44695907831192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3878091871738434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34436917304992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3335861265659332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2020920217037201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.20197179913520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.12743878364562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1120297908782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1369/pdf?version=1614050097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33672043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33672043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f6ffb5523f7b4ea6b243b4c4005ca92c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f6ffb5523f7b4ea6b243b4c4005ca92c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4, p 1369 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/4/1369/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 4; Pages: 1369","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7919487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7919487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1369/pdf?version=1614050097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G106949530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C1088092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3034753964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G982292920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129484165.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129484165.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93306303","https://openalex.org/W1898224270","https://openalex.org/W2134939300","https://openalex.org/W2139249676","https://openalex.org/W2552237521","https://openalex.org/W2566780507","https://openalex.org/W2576886744","https://openalex.org/W2587567248","https://openalex.org/W2611714743","https://openalex.org/W2612185149","https://openalex.org/W2774842738","https://openalex.org/W2889372524","https://openalex.org/W2963117265","https://openalex.org/W2990204812","https://openalex.org/W3005589427","https://openalex.org/W3007302593","https://openalex.org/W3015698455","https://openalex.org/W3015834007","https://openalex.org/W3116784068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W2785900585","https://openalex.org/W2353730437","https://openalex.org/W2490303674","https://openalex.org/W2609066826","https://openalex.org/W2810752900","https://openalex.org/W2365677836","https://openalex.org/W2531295127","https://openalex.org/W3186538219","https://openalex.org/W2355063696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"perform":[1],"advanced":[2],"operations":[3,43],"with":[4],"unmanned":[5,67],"aerial":[6,68],"vehicles":[7],"(UAVs),":[8],"it":[9],"is":[10,82,106,124],"crucial":[11],"that":[12],"components":[13],"other":[14],"than":[15],"the":[16,63,76,118],"existing":[17],"ones":[18],"such":[19,89],"as":[20,90],"flight":[21,102],"controller,":[22],"network":[23],"devices,":[24],"and":[25,38,81,97,111],"ground":[26],"control":[27],"station":[28],"(GCS)":[29],"are":[30],"also":[31],"used.":[32],"The":[33,71,104,115],"inevitable":[34],"addition":[35],"of":[36,65,117],"hardware":[37],"software":[39],"to":[40,46,61,84],"accomplish":[41],"UAV":[42],"may":[44],"lead":[45],"security":[47,56,64,95,98],"vulnerabilities":[48],"through":[49,126],"various":[50],"vectors.":[51],"Hence,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"a":[55,109],"framework":[57,73,120],"in":[58,75,108,121],"this":[59],"study":[60],"improve":[62],"an":[66],"system":[69,79],"(UAS).":[70],"proposed":[72,119],"operates":[74],"robot":[77],"operating":[78],"(ROS)":[80],"designed":[83],"focus":[85],"on":[86],"several":[87],"perspectives,":[88],"overhead":[91],"arising":[92],"from":[93],"additional":[94],"elements":[96],"issues":[99],"essential":[100],"for":[101],"missions.":[103],"UAS":[105],"operated":[107],"nonnative":[110],"native":[112],"ROS":[113],"environment.":[114],"performance":[116],"both":[122],"environments":[123],"verified":[125],"experiments.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}