{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131520747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041321","title":"Constrained L1-Norm Minimization Method for Range-Based Source Localization under Mixed Sparse LOS/NLOS Environments","display_name":"Constrained L1-Norm Minimization Method for Range-Based Source Localization under Mixed Sparse LOS/NLOS Environments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131520747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041321","mag":"3131520747","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33668409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041321","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1321/pdf?version=1614151739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1321/pdf?version=1614151739","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103119135","display_name":"Chengwen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-0529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengwen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-0529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100987150","display_name":"Yunbin Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunbin Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019269034","display_name":"Bingfeng Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-2032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingfeng Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103119135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4068,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59288052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1321","last_page":"1321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9882394075393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.67690110206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.6365117430686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5718709826469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5379650592803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.5052321553230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.4296574592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.4215327501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.32717663049697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26554107666015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2025187909603119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.16503974795341492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9882394075393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.67690110206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6365117430686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5718709826469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5379650592803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5052321553230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.4296574592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4215327501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32717663049697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26554107666015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2025187909603119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.16503974795341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041321","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1321/pdf?version=1614151739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33668409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33668409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6af3025f4f38423385a8806f9ef040a4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6af3025f4f38423385a8806f9ef040a4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4, p 1321 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/4/1321/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 4; Pages: 1321","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7918625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7918625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041321","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1321/pdf?version=1614151739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6580163140","display_name":"BDS+GLONASS\u975e\u7ec4\u5408\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5355\u70b9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6a21\u578b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41674022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131520747.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131520747.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562101002","https://openalex.org/W1984383979","https://openalex.org/W1992302458","https://openalex.org/W2045838857","https://openalex.org/W2075403247","https://openalex.org/W2084153818","https://openalex.org/W2090627840","https://openalex.org/W2124216931","https://openalex.org/W2131868286","https://openalex.org/W2133353795","https://openalex.org/W2138114662","https://openalex.org/W2150470808","https://openalex.org/W2162718622","https://openalex.org/W2166626012","https://openalex.org/W2171029749","https://openalex.org/W2196236952","https://openalex.org/W2296616510","https://openalex.org/W2465368474","https://openalex.org/W2548019060","https://openalex.org/W2735562740","https://openalex.org/W2745203826","https://openalex.org/W2747745953","https://openalex.org/W2754132388","https://openalex.org/W2776450956","https://openalex.org/W2790459130","https://openalex.org/W2791914805","https://openalex.org/W2801056699","https://openalex.org/W2889942248","https://openalex.org/W2900194949","https://openalex.org/W2914947962","https://openalex.org/W2922166553","https://openalex.org/W2944412574","https://openalex.org/W2945710797","https://openalex.org/W2974683824","https://openalex.org/W3025613035","https://openalex.org/W3099545890","https://openalex.org/W3126350755","https://openalex.org/W4235713725","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W4292363360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2143447014","https://openalex.org/W3172283447","https://openalex.org/W2110478555","https://openalex.org/W2109871577","https://openalex.org/W2208932071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"mixed":[1,72],"sparse":[2,68,73,91],"line-of-sight/non-line-of-sight":[3],"(LOS/NLOS)":[4],"conditions,":[5],"how":[6],"to":[7,88],"quickly":[8],"achieve":[9],"high":[10],"positioning":[11,49,64,139],"accuracy":[12,50],"is":[13,94],"still":[14],"a":[15,19,33,67,84],"challenging":[16],"task":[17],"and":[18,51,112,121,138],"critical":[20],"problem":[21,65,93],"in":[22,133],"the":[23,42,62,102,108],"last":[24],"dozen":[25],"years.":[26],"To":[27],"settle":[28],"this":[29],"problem,":[30],"we":[31,77],"propose":[32],"constrained":[34],"L1":[35,95],"norm":[36],"minimization":[37],"method":[38,87,104],"which":[39],"can":[40,60,117],"reduce":[41],"effects":[43],"of":[44,110,135],"NLOS":[45,79,119,123],"bias":[46,80],"for":[47],"improve":[48],"speed":[52],"up":[53],"calculation":[54],"via":[55],"an":[56],"iterative":[57],"method.":[58],"We":[59],"transform":[61],"TOA-based":[63],"into":[66],"optimization":[69],"one":[70],"under":[71],"LOS/NLOS":[74],"conditions":[75],"if":[76],"consider":[78],"as":[81],"outliers.":[82],"Thus,":[83],"relatively":[85],"good":[86],"deal":[89],"with":[90,98],"localization":[92],"norm.":[96],"Compared":[97],"some":[99],"existing":[100],"methods,":[101],"proposed":[103],"not":[105],"only":[106],"has":[107],"advantages":[109],"simple":[111],"intuitive":[113],"principle,":[114],"but":[115],"also":[116],"neglect":[118],"status":[120],"corresponding":[122],"errors.":[124],"Experimental":[125],"results":[126],"show":[127],"that":[128],"our":[129],"algorithm":[130],"performs":[131],"well":[132],"terms":[134],"computational":[136],"time":[137],"accuracy.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}