{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133026991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041307","title":"A Genetic Algorithm to Combine Deep Features for the Aesthetic Assessment of Images Containing Faces","display_name":"A Genetic Algorithm to Combine Deep Features for the Aesthetic Assessment of Images Containing Faces","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133026991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041307","mag":"3133026991","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33673052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041307","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1307/pdf?version=1614054350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1307/pdf?version=1614054350","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065319505","display_name":"Luigi Celona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-2646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Celona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, viale Sarca, 336, 20126 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-2646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, viale Sarca, 336, 20126 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028039581","display_name":"Raimondo Schettini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7461-1451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raimondo Schettini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, viale Sarca, 336, 20126 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7461-1451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, viale Sarca, 336, 20126 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065319505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.6326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.650072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1307","last_page":"1307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6867798566818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6727502942085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6601160764694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6527065634727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5622487664222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.56109219789505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.5445894598960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5365645289421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4878968894481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.43384093046188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4285238981246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38205522298812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09004244208335876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6867798566818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6727502942085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6601160764694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6527065634727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5622487664222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.56109219789505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.5445894598960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5365645289421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4878968894481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.43384093046188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4285238981246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38205522298812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09004244208335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041307","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1307/pdf?version=1614054350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33673052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33673052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/302431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aeee4e70af4a429095226120529a49ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aeee4e70af4a429095226120529a49ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4, p 1307 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/4/1307/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 4; Pages: 1307","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7918760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7918760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041307","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1307/pdf?version=1614054350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133026991.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1460922575","https://openalex.org/W1606532349","https://openalex.org/W1895638139","https://openalex.org/W1896080482","https://openalex.org/W1914337184","https://openalex.org/W1997095443","https://openalex.org/W2022003496","https://openalex.org/W2040141351","https://openalex.org/W2056380823","https://openalex.org/W2060327976","https://openalex.org/W2074369420","https://openalex.org/W2078807908","https://openalex.org/W2100679631","https://openalex.org/W2120441732","https://openalex.org/W2157505157","https://openalex.org/W2165810675","https://openalex.org/W2168117362","https://openalex.org/W2286686646","https://openalex.org/W2514622527","https://openalex.org/W2515223471","https://openalex.org/W2532756262","https://openalex.org/W2551119324","https://openalex.org/W2569207314","https://openalex.org/W2575939610","https://openalex.org/W2609563119","https://openalex.org/W2807792945","https://openalex.org/W2914913933","https://openalex.org/W2915000894","https://openalex.org/W2949350952","https://openalex.org/W2950767526","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3047945973","https://openalex.org/W3094963011","https://openalex.org/W3102733987","https://openalex.org/W3104772192","https://openalex.org/W3121625413","https://openalex.org/W6649928981","https://openalex.org/W6675175243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389073067","https://openalex.org/W2976316911","https://openalex.org/W2103413230","https://openalex.org/W1899364738","https://openalex.org/W43171467","https://openalex.org/W2908959303","https://openalex.org/W4316658612","https://openalex.org/W2990667865","https://openalex.org/W2663901905","https://openalex.org/W2138569648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"automatic":[1],"assessment":[2,27,55],"of":[3,7,18,28,31,51,76,85,92,128],"the":[4,19,24,32,41,49,73,83,86,93,126,157],"aesthetic":[5,25,54,74,148],"quality":[6,26,75],"a":[8,11,69,115],"photo":[9],"is":[10,117],"challenging":[12],"and":[13,35,89,111,146],"extensively":[14],"studied":[15],"problem.":[16],"Most":[17],"existing":[20,139],"works":[21],"focus":[22],"on":[23,151],"photos":[29],"regardless":[30],"depicted":[33],"subject":[34],"mainly":[36],"use":[37],"features":[38,122],"extracted":[39],"from":[40],"entire":[42,87],"image.":[43],"It":[44],"has":[45],"been":[46],"observed":[47],"that":[48,135],"performance":[50],"generic":[52],"content":[53],"methods":[56,140],"significantly":[57],"decreases":[58],"when":[59],"it":[60],"comes":[61],"to":[62,102,119,123],"images":[63,77,129],"depicting":[64],"faces.":[65,131],"This":[66],"paper":[67],"introduces":[68],"method":[70],"for":[71,141],"evaluating":[72],"with":[78],"faces":[79],"by":[80],"encoding":[81],"both":[82,142],"properties":[84],"image":[88,109,154],"specific":[90],"aspects":[91],"face.":[94],"Three":[95],"different":[96,153],"convolutional":[97],"neural":[98],"networks":[99],"are":[100],"exploited":[101],"encode":[103],"information":[104],"regarding":[105],"perceptual":[106],"quality,":[107],"global":[108],"aesthetics,":[110],"facial":[112],"attributes;":[113],"then,":[114],"model":[116],"trained":[118],"combine":[120],"these":[121],"explicitly":[124],"predict":[125],"aesthetics":[127],"containing":[130],"Experimental":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"our":[136],"approach":[137],"outperforms":[138],"binary,":[143],"i.e.,":[144],"low/high,":[145],"continuous":[147],"score":[149],"prediction":[150],"four":[152],"databases":[155],"in":[156],"state-of-the-art.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
