{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127710928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041301","title":"Remote Reflectivity Sensor for Industrial Applications","display_name":"Remote Reflectivity Sensor for Industrial Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127710928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041301","mag":"3127710928","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33670280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041301","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1301/pdf?version=1613975633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1301/pdf?version=1613975633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075592918","display_name":"Federico Cavedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-3825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Cavedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-3825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010142284","display_name":"Parisa Esmaili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-4981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parisa Esmaili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-4981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058571469","display_name":"Michele Norgia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-1527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michele Norgia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-1527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058571469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3561,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52167526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1301","last_page":"1301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11301","display_name":"Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collimated-light","display_name":"Collimated light","score":0.7419224381446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6302022933959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.571502685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.50983065366745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5006306171417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetector","display_name":"Photodetector","score":0.499316930770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.45758405327796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45143938064575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.450838178396225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-reflection","display_name":"Light reflection","score":0.4487510919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4325956404209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.42388394474983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.3555939495563507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3203437626361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.24659356474876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22426775097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2064267098903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09508875012397766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34445779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571347","display_name":"Collimated light","level":3,"score":0.7419224381446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6302022933959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.571502685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.50983065366745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5006306171417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.499316930770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.45758405327796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45143938064575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.450838178396225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988694985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light reflection","level":2,"score":0.4487510919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4325956404209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.42388394474983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3555939495563507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3203437626361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.24659356474876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22426775097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2064267098903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09508875012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041301","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1301/pdf?version=1613975633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33670280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33670280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fffd422523e94481860fa599c884add5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fffd422523e94481860fa599c884add5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4, p 1301 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/4/1301/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 4; Pages: 1301","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7917744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7917744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1161913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1161913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041301","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1301/pdf?version=1613975633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127710928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127710928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977950157","https://openalex.org/W1987835612","https://openalex.org/W1995871297","https://openalex.org/W2009518030","https://openalex.org/W2014532882","https://openalex.org/W2043339279","https://openalex.org/W2045725879","https://openalex.org/W2049438821","https://openalex.org/W2076365604","https://openalex.org/W2081321639","https://openalex.org/W2081887802","https://openalex.org/W2092243497","https://openalex.org/W2109580750","https://openalex.org/W2117445906","https://openalex.org/W2119031982","https://openalex.org/W2315214008","https://openalex.org/W2325506721","https://openalex.org/W2536765827","https://openalex.org/W2610526211","https://openalex.org/W2782657836","https://openalex.org/W2791229558","https://openalex.org/W2986415409","https://openalex.org/W3008637803","https://openalex.org/W3023859209","https://openalex.org/W3034260162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371692126","https://openalex.org/W2991406138","https://openalex.org/W2584242197","https://openalex.org/W4389571378","https://openalex.org/W2117349001","https://openalex.org/W2043826950","https://openalex.org/W2570893412","https://openalex.org/W2389601183","https://openalex.org/W2390507962","https://openalex.org/W4249791497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,30],"low-cost":[1],"optical":[2,19],"reflectivity":[3],"sensor":[4,56,102,123],"is":[5,34,57,85,103],"proposed":[6,86,122],"in":[7,132],"this":[8],"paper,":[9],"able":[10],"to":[11,27,89,134,148],"detect":[12,91],"the":[13,46,65,73,92,95,101,121,146],"presence":[14],"of":[15,25,64,94,120],"objects":[16],"or":[17,141],"surface":[18,66],"properties":[20],"variations,":[21],"at":[22,36,68],"a":[23,40,51,58,80,110,114],"distance":[24],"up":[26],"20":[28],"m.":[29],"collimated":[31],"laser":[32],"beam":[33],"pulsed":[35],"10":[37],"kHz,":[38],"and":[39,87,108,130],"synchronous":[41],"digital":[42,82],"detector":[43],"coherently":[44],"measures":[45],"back-diffused":[47],"light":[48,107],"collected":[49],"through":[50],"1-inch":[52],"biconvex":[53],"lens.":[54],"The":[55,118],"cost-effective":[59],"solution":[60],"for":[61,127],"punctual":[62],"measurement":[63,136],"reflection":[67,116],"different":[69],"distances.":[70],"To":[71],"enhance":[72],"interference":[74],"immunity,":[75],"an":[76],"algorithm":[77],"based":[78],"on":[79,113],"double-side":[81],"baseline":[83],"restorer":[84],"implemented":[88],"accurately":[90],"amplitude":[93],"reflected":[96],"light.":[97],"As":[98],"results":[99],"show,":[100],"robust":[104],"against":[105],"ambient":[106],"shows":[109],"strong":[111],"sensitivity":[112],"wide":[115],"range.":[117],"capability":[119],"was":[124],"evaluated":[125],"experimentally":[126],"object":[128,147],"detection":[129],"recognition,":[131],"addition":[133],"dedicated":[135],"systems,":[137],"like":[138],"remote":[139],"encoders":[140],"keyphasors,":[142],"realized":[143],"far":[144],"from":[145],"be":[149],"measured.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}