{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127168948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041264","title":"Understanding LSTM Network Behaviour of IMU-Based Locomotion Mode Recognition for Applications in Prostheses and Wearables","display_name":"Understanding LSTM Network Behaviour of IMU-Based Locomotion Mode Recognition for Applications in Prostheses and Wearables","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127168948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041264","mag":"3127168948","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33578842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041264","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1264/pdf?version=1613796821","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1264/pdf?version=1613796821","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036759683","display_name":"Freddie Sherratt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-4846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Freddie Sherratt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-4846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042983246","display_name":"Andrew Plummer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-3480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Plummer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-3480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059094456","display_name":"Pejman Iravani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pejman Iravani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059094456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.5857,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95631199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1264","last_page":"1264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.633388102054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6284465789794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.587713897228241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5711547136306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stairs","display_name":"Stairs","score":0.5568749904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5415613055229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.4736831486225128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45124244689941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.42088502645492554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.4170129597187042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21968403458595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.19862458109855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.08610129356384277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.633388102054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6284465789794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.587713897228241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5711547136306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777295749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12511","display_name":"Stairs","level":2,"score":0.5568749904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5415613055229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.4736831486225128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45124244689941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.42088502645492554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.4170129597187042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21968403458595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.19862458109855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.08610129356384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000674","descriptor_name":"Amputees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000674","descriptor_name":"Amputees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000674","descriptor_name":"Amputees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001186","descriptor_name":"Artificial Limbs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041264","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1264/pdf?version=1613796821","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33578842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33578842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:acd5be706cd748b9b5c7a5c7664bdcf1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/acd5be706cd748b9b5c7a5c7664bdcf1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4, p 1264 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/4/1264/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 4; Pages: 1264","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7916615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7916615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041264","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1264/pdf?version=1613796821","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G425727133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1943783","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127168948.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127168948.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134960717","https://openalex.org/W1011227367","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1840637580","https://openalex.org/W1989239806","https://openalex.org/W1995875427","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2121680738","https://openalex.org/W2126511896","https://openalex.org/W2142114107","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2153542846","https://openalex.org/W2164638828","https://openalex.org/W2535337563","https://openalex.org/W2559852960","https://openalex.org/W2562207568","https://openalex.org/W2595331287","https://openalex.org/W2743149744","https://openalex.org/W2767979715","https://openalex.org/W2795064197","https://openalex.org/W2804808781","https://openalex.org/W2889383627","https://openalex.org/W2892098085","https://openalex.org/W2896651715","https://openalex.org/W2897753137","https://openalex.org/W2929827605","https://openalex.org/W2939953375","https://openalex.org/W2940096514","https://openalex.org/W2941607833","https://openalex.org/W2944662892","https://openalex.org/W2960617176","https://openalex.org/W2992312320","https://openalex.org/W3017361427","https://openalex.org/W3033133365","https://openalex.org/W3044454104","https://openalex.org/W3089563032","https://openalex.org/W3091978306","https://openalex.org/W3095662393","https://openalex.org/W3112105942","https://openalex.org/W3154811403","https://openalex.org/W6626550246","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6681794868","https://openalex.org/W6780944067","https://openalex.org/W6787396345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2570308965","https://openalex.org/W2049247410","https://openalex.org/W2318265355","https://openalex.org/W1486724195","https://openalex.org/W1976557033","https://openalex.org/W560737017","https://openalex.org/W2028191919","https://openalex.org/W4200464353","https://openalex.org/W2387566434","https://openalex.org/W3082879976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"Locomotion":[1],"Mode":[2],"Recognition":[3],"(LMR)":[4],"has":[5],"the":[6,79,105,157,170,200,218,230,241,245,270],"potential":[7],"to":[8,89,146,155,191,195,258,277],"be":[9],"used":[10,140,154],"as":[11,32,42,141],"a":[12,25,33,58,142,148,161],"control":[13,49],"mechanism":[14],"for":[15,29,109,144,185,232,250,272],"lower-limb":[16],"active":[17],"prostheses.":[18],"Active":[19],"prostheses":[20],"can":[21,71],"assist":[22],"and":[23,44,55,86,120,131,193,266],"restore":[24],"more":[26],"natural":[27,136],"gait":[28,197,207],"amputees,":[30],"but":[31],"medical":[34],"device":[35],"it":[36],"must":[37,51],"minimize":[38],"user":[39,264],"risks,":[40],"such":[41],"falls":[43],"trips.":[45],"As":[46],"such,":[47],"any":[48],"system":[50],"have":[52],"high":[53,75],"accuracy":[54,76],"robustness,":[56],"with":[57,74,93],"detailed":[59],"understanding":[60,104,247],"of":[61,113,160,183,222,235,240,248,254,269,274],"its":[62,255],"internal":[63,80,158],"operation.":[64],"Long":[65],"Short-Term":[66],"Memory":[67],"(LSTM)":[68],"machine-learning":[69],"networks":[70],"perform":[72],"LMR":[73],"levels.":[77],"However,":[78],"behavior":[81,108,159],"during":[82],"classification":[83,107],"is":[84,103,126,153],"unknown,":[85],"they":[87],"struggle":[88],"generalize":[90],"when":[91,261],"presented":[92],"novel":[94,263],"users.":[95],"The":[96,151,237],"target":[97],"problem":[98],"addressed":[99],"in":[100,135,213],"this":[101],"paper":[102,242],"LSTM":[106,164,249],"LMR.":[110],"A":[111],"dataset":[112,152],"six":[114],"locomotive":[115],"activities":[116,134],"(walking,":[117],"stopped,":[118],"stairs":[119],"ramps)":[121],"from":[122],"22":[123],"non-amputee":[124],"subjects":[125,187,204],"collected,":[127],"capturing":[128],"both":[129],"steady-state":[130],"transitions":[132],"between":[133,202,209],"environments.":[137],"Non-amputees":[138],"are":[139,243],"substitute":[143],"amputees":[145],"provide":[147],"larger":[149],"dataset.":[150],"analyze":[156],"reduced":[162],"complexity":[163],"network.":[165],"This":[166],"analysis":[167],"identifies":[168],"that":[169,206],"model":[171],"primarily":[172,211],"classifies":[173],"activity":[174],"type":[175],"based":[176],"on":[177],"data":[178],"around":[179],"early":[180,214],"stance.":[181],"Evaluation":[182],"generalization":[184],"unseen":[186],"reveals":[188],"low":[189,256],"sensitivity":[190,257],"hyper-parameters":[192,223,260],"over-fitting":[194],"individuals'":[196],"traits.":[198],"Investigating":[199],"differences":[201],"individual":[203,233],"showed":[205],"variations":[208],"users":[210],"occur":[212],"stance,":[215],"potentially":[216],"explaining":[217],"poor":[219],"generalization.":[220],"Adjustment":[221],"alone":[224],"could":[225],"not":[226],"solve":[227],"this,":[228],"demonstrating":[229],"need":[231,271],"personalization":[234,273],"models.":[236],"main":[238],"achievements":[239],"(i)":[244],"better":[246],"LMR,":[251],"(ii)":[252],"demonstration":[253,268],"learning":[259],"evaluating":[262],"generalization,":[265],"(iii)":[267],"ML":[275],"models":[276],"achieve":[278],"acceptable":[279],"accuracy.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
