{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128959059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041124","title":"Detection Threshold Estimates for InSAR Time Series: A Simulation of Tropospheric Delay Approach","display_name":"Detection Threshold Estimates for InSAR Time Series: A Simulation of Tropospheric Delay Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128959059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041124","mag":"3128959059","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33562774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041124","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1124/pdf?version=1612766133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1124/pdf?version=1612766133","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033204700","display_name":"E. Havazli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-7067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emre Havazli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-7067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022007694","display_name":"Shimon Wdowinski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-0642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shimon Wdowinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Environment, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-0642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Environment, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022007694","https://openalex.org/A5033204700"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581","https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":10.9478,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97525871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"1124","last_page":"1124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7974205017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.6528855562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5541276335716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.49855566024780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44766637682914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39332517981529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3672463595867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.366983562707901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3626709282398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35607200860977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3424091935157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2709788382053375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26462292671203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.24377429485321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.1317625641822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10639116168022156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.7974205017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.6528855562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5541276335716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.49855566024780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44766637682914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39332517981529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3672463595867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.366983562707901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3626709282398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35607200860977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3424091935157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2709788382053375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26462292671203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.24377429485321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.1317625641822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10639116168022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041124","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1124/pdf?version=1612766133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33562774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33562774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.fiu.edu:all_faculty-1658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/all_faculty/438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401637","display_name":"Florida International University Digital Commons (Florida International University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","host_organization_name":"Florida International University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"All Faculty","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.fiu.edu:earth_environment_fac-1060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/earth_environment_fac/60","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401637","display_name":"Florida International University Digital Commons (Florida International University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","host_organization_name":"Florida International University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Earth and Environment","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0dda100ed2d140a79c3718a8310a713e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0dda100ed2d140a79c3718a8310a713e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4, p 1124 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/4/1124/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 4; Pages: 1124","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7915624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7915624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21041124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041124","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1124/pdf?version=1612766133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4108615687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EAR-11261833","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5362086087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX12AK23G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309993","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128959059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128959059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34403142","https://openalex.org/W1201987094","https://openalex.org/W1484966959","https://openalex.org/W1579339719","https://openalex.org/W1664171571","https://openalex.org/W1672745209","https://openalex.org/W1967157701","https://openalex.org/W1978127554","https://openalex.org/W1980657525","https://openalex.org/W1980827009","https://openalex.org/W1985141560","https://openalex.org/W1986342060","https://openalex.org/W2001845920","https://openalex.org/W2005489595","https://openalex.org/W2007057722","https://openalex.org/W2014217151","https://openalex.org/W2017727533","https://openalex.org/W2017983131","https://openalex.org/W2030039756","https://openalex.org/W2041580614","https://openalex.org/W2043822448","https://openalex.org/W2047029664","https://openalex.org/W2059727894","https://openalex.org/W2061600688","https://openalex.org/W2065049085","https://openalex.org/W2065989874","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2088216158","https://openalex.org/W2093160875","https://openalex.org/W2094639876","https://openalex.org/W2097643261","https://openalex.org/W2097762029","https://openalex.org/W2098110296","https://openalex.org/W2098389760","https://openalex.org/W2125376972","https://openalex.org/W2129206142","https://openalex.org/W2130676538","https://openalex.org/W2136689633","https://openalex.org/W2141242528","https://openalex.org/W2141414687","https://openalex.org/W2142470117","https://openalex.org/W2144147948","https://openalex.org/W2144803728","https://openalex.org/W2144819091","https://openalex.org/W2150311903","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2153457865","https://openalex.org/W2158164858","https://openalex.org/W2161661683","https://openalex.org/W2163450348","https://openalex.org/W2163622378","https://openalex.org/W2168104897","https://openalex.org/W2168745915","https://openalex.org/W2187369556","https://openalex.org/W2274181520","https://openalex.org/W2396556479","https://openalex.org/W2479220836","https://openalex.org/W2766314745","https://openalex.org/W2893726365","https://openalex.org/W2900745277","https://openalex.org/W2976715433","https://openalex.org/W3082490771","https://openalex.org/W3129167286","https://openalex.org/W3205423163","https://openalex.org/W4249744610","https://openalex.org/W6627807791","https://openalex.org/W6674529404","https://openalex.org/W6721583453","https://openalex.org/W6802624029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790032735","https://openalex.org/W2373310320","https://openalex.org/W2781934594","https://openalex.org/W4384163768","https://openalex.org/W3188737086","https://openalex.org/W3202939839","https://openalex.org/W2119012848","https://openalex.org/W2622688551","https://openalex.org/W1550175370","https://openalex.org/W1990205660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,41,120],"present":[1],"a":[2,92],"method":[3,123],"for":[4,57],"estimating":[5],"the":[6,43,70,84,99,110],"detection":[7,150],"threshold":[8],"of":[9,17,25,46,95,112],"InSAR":[10],"time-series":[11],"products":[12],"that":[13,144,157],"relies":[14],"on":[15],"simulations":[16,29,96],"both":[18],"vertical":[19],"stratification":[20],"and":[21,38,54,63,97,102,130],"turbulence":[22],"mixing":[23],"components":[24],"tropospheric":[26,75],"delay.":[27,40],"Our":[28,139],"take":[30],"into":[31],"account":[32],"case-specific":[33,81],"parameters,":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36,106],"topography":[37],"wet":[39],"generate":[42],"time":[44],"series":[45],"simulated":[47,67],"data":[48,155],"with":[49,128,152],"given":[50],"intervals":[51],"(e.g.,":[52],"12":[53],"35":[55],"days)":[56],"temporal":[58,107,159],"coverages":[59],"varying":[60],"between":[61],"3":[62],"10":[64],"years.":[65,164],"Each":[66],"acquisition":[68],"presents":[69],"apparent":[71],"noise":[72],"due":[73],"to":[74],"delay,":[76],"which":[77],"is":[78],"constrained":[79],"by":[80,124],"parameters.":[82],"As":[83],"calculation":[85],"parameters":[86],"are":[87],"randomized,":[88],"we":[89,103],"carry":[90],"out":[91],"large":[93],"number":[94],"analyze":[98],"results":[100,127,132,142],"statistically":[101],"see":[104],"that,":[105],"coverage":[108,160],"increases,":[109],"amount":[111],"propagated":[113],"error":[114],"decreases,":[115],"presenting":[116],"an":[117],"inverse":[118],"correlation.":[119],"validate":[121],"our":[122,126],"comparing":[125],"ERS":[129],"Envisat":[131],"over":[133],"Socorro":[134],"Magma":[135],"Body,":[136],"New":[137],"Mexico.":[138],"case":[140],"study":[141],"indicate":[143],"Sentinel-1":[145],"can":[146],"achieve":[147],"\u22481":[148],"mm/yr":[149],"level":[151],"regularly":[153],"sampled":[154],"sets":[156],"have":[158],"longer":[161],"than":[162],"5":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}