{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126796537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030949","title":"Machine Embroidered Sensors for Limb Joint Movement-Monitoring Smart Clothing","display_name":"Machine Embroidered Sensors for Limb Joint Movement-Monitoring Smart Clothing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126796537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030949","mag":"3126796537","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33535385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/949/pdf?version=1612154282","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/949/pdf?version=1612154282","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059685510","display_name":"Su Youn Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Youn Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clothing &Textiles, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clothing &Textiles, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102768746","display_name":"Joo-Hyeon Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joo-Hyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clothing &Textiles, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clothing &Textiles, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102768746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.679,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64373268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"949","last_page":"949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.6893952488899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hinge","display_name":"Hinge","score":0.6256541013717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zigzag","display_name":"Zigzag","score":0.49277833104133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.47662436962127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4697105288505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4611409604549408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-gauge","display_name":"Strain gauge","score":0.45832952857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.43334415555000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3608824610710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3073505163192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.296200156211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.20574063062667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1579781472682953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11567825078964233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.6893952488899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44000306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244330","display_name":"Hinge","level":2,"score":0.6256541013717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192271897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198438","display_name":"Zigzag","level":2,"score":0.49277833104133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.47662436962127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4697105288505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4611409604549408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60584519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610723","display_name":"Strain gauge","level":2,"score":0.45832952857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.43334415555000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3608824610710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3073505163192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.296200156211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.20574063062667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1579781472682953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11567825078964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003020","descriptor_name":"Clothing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003020","descriptor_name":"Clothing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003020","descriptor_name":"Clothing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005121","descriptor_name":"Extremities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005121","descriptor_name":"Extremities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005121","descriptor_name":"Extremities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011481","descriptor_name":"Protective Clothing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011481","descriptor_name":"Protective Clothing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011481","descriptor_name":"Protective Clothing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/949/pdf?version=1612154282","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33535385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33535385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:45442f74f2b54c4ab5c9c6f147de7a73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/45442f74f2b54c4ab5c9c6f147de7a73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 3, p 949 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6772634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7867096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/3/949/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 3; Pages: 949","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7867096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7867096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/949/pdf?version=1612154282","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321314","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126796537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126796537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964385859","https://openalex.org/W1988845107","https://openalex.org/W1993110089","https://openalex.org/W1999959880","https://openalex.org/W2025240967","https://openalex.org/W2052607169","https://openalex.org/W2057607496","https://openalex.org/W2061805384","https://openalex.org/W2093779999","https://openalex.org/W2107669922","https://openalex.org/W2108685455","https://openalex.org/W2141068900","https://openalex.org/W2147620019","https://openalex.org/W2153447467","https://openalex.org/W2769025054","https://openalex.org/W2793616201","https://openalex.org/W2800539188","https://openalex.org/W2943772313","https://openalex.org/W2997456917","https://openalex.org/W7020723363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808029097","https://openalex.org/W3035794677","https://openalex.org/W2032417936","https://openalex.org/W2588100896","https://openalex.org/W2152067480","https://openalex.org/W2326117044","https://openalex.org/W135216162","https://openalex.org/W2373084372","https://openalex.org/W2947454206","https://openalex.org/W2519053415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"a":[3,9,44,71,126,158,256,278],"strain":[4],"gauge":[5],"sensor":[6,290],"based":[7],"on":[8,49,74,83],"change":[10,286],"of":[11,46,52,86,91,96,105,128,139,243,262,274,287,303],"contact":[12,100,109,159,174,190,257,275],"or":[13],"network":[14],"structure":[15,51],"between":[16],"conductive":[17],"materials":[18],"was":[19,67,134,148,182,212,295],"implemented":[20],"using":[21],"the":[22,27,50,59,64,75,84,129,137,140,149,155,163,170,177,186,192,197,209,220,231,241,244,253,260,263,272,283,288,293,299,314,319],"handle-machine":[23],"embroidery":[24,31,33,53,60,65],"technique,":[25],"and":[26,35,102,162,199,206,208,222,259,307],"variables":[28],"(embroidery":[29],"shape,":[30],"distance,":[32,61],"size,":[34,66],"implementation":[36],"location)":[37],"affecting":[38],"its":[39],"performance":[40,316],"were":[41,116,234],"studied.":[42],"As":[43,125],"result":[45,127],"Experiment":[47,87,119],"I":[48],"suitable":[54,141,247,266],"for":[55,118,144,248,267],"joint":[56,145,250,269],"motion":[57,123,131,146,251,270],"monitoring,":[58],"rather":[62],"than":[63,305],"found":[68,135],"to":[69,312],"have":[70,313],"significant":[72],"effect":[73],"electric":[76],"resistance":[77,193,216,285],"changes":[78,194,217],"caused":[79],"by":[80,196,219],"elongation.":[81],"Based":[82],"results":[85,238],"I,":[88],"two":[89,103],"types":[90,95,104],"zigzag":[92],"embroideries,":[93],"four":[94],"embroideries":[97,106],"with":[98,107,112,172,188,298],"few":[99,189],"points,":[101],"more":[108,173,235],"points":[110,276],"(all":[111],"short":[113],"distances":[114],"(2.0))":[115],"selected":[117],"II":[120],"(the":[121],"dummy":[122,130],"experiment).":[124],"experiment,":[132],"it":[133,308],"that":[136,240],"locations":[138,233],"embroidered":[142,201,224],"sensors":[143,202,225],"monitoring":[147],"HJP":[150,210,245],"(Hinge":[151],"Joint":[152,167],"Position)":[153,168],"in":[154,169,252],"'types":[156,171,187],"without":[157,255],"point'":[160],"(zigzag)":[161],"LHJP":[164,232,264,294],"(Lower":[165],"Hinge":[166],"points'.":[175],"On":[176],"other":[178],"hand,":[179],"although":[180],"there":[181],"no":[183,227],"consistency":[184],"among":[185,317],"points',":[191],"measured":[195,218],"2CP":[198],"7CP":[200],"showed":[203],"similar":[204],"figures":[205],"patterns,":[207,229],"location":[211,242,261],"most":[213],"suitable.":[214,236],"The":[215],"4CP":[221],"6CP":[223],"exhibited":[226],"consistent":[228],"but":[230],"These":[237],"indicate":[239],"is":[246,265,309],"measuring":[249,268],"'type":[254],"point',":[258],"when":[271],"number":[273],"exceeds":[277],"certain":[279],"limit.":[280],"Among":[281],"them,":[282],"average":[284],"9CP":[289],"located":[291],"at":[292],"40":[296],"\u03a9":[297],"smallest":[300],"standard":[301],"deviation":[302],"less":[304],"1,":[306],"thus":[310],"considered":[311],"best":[315],"all":[318],"sensors.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}