{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124945993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030767","title":"Dual Band and Dual Diversity Four-Element MIMO Dipole for 5G Handsets","display_name":"Dual Band and Dual Diversity Four-Element MIMO Dipole for 5G Handsets","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124945993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030767","mag":"3124945993","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33498805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030767","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/767/pdf?version=1611899094","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/767/pdf?version=1611899094","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057961688","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Jamshed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-9025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Jamshed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069503784","display_name":"Masood Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6926-7983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masood Ur-Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041673632","display_name":"Jaroslav Frnda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-3087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaroslav Frnda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062489001","display_name":"Ayman A. Althuwayb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-5016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Al Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman A. Althuwayb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090587594","display_name":"Ali Nauman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-5286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Nauman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018586987","display_name":"Korhan Cengiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-8861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12387023","display_name":"Trakya University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa0xn82","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12387023"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Korhan Cengiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12387023"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090587594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":30.0213,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99334303,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"767","last_page":"767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.616521954536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5392211079597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.5293869376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.49995875358581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44576066732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcell","display_name":"Microcell","score":0.43635180592536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.43282198905944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.41464006900787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3587103486061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33494052290916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.10130596160888672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.616521954536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5392211079597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.5293869376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.49995875358581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44576066732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158314712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1177092","display_name":"Microcell","level":2,"score":0.43635180592536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.43282198905944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.41464006900787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3587103486061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33494052290916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.10130596160888672}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030767","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/767/pdf?version=1611899094","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33498805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33498805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:232630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16e88503665e4778911edae4cc27c77a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16e88503665e4778911edae4cc27c77a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 3, p 767 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6772189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7866184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/3/767/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 3; Pages: 767","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7866184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7866184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030767","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/767/pdf?version=1611899094","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124945993.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124945993.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1765894122","https://openalex.org/W2000585537","https://openalex.org/W2030483188","https://openalex.org/W2035791881","https://openalex.org/W2136752342","https://openalex.org/W2141974809","https://openalex.org/W2156398326","https://openalex.org/W2165420555","https://openalex.org/W2167009828","https://openalex.org/W2292297761","https://openalex.org/W2555435753","https://openalex.org/W2770153547","https://openalex.org/W2771860722","https://openalex.org/W2797800772","https://openalex.org/W2799077199","https://openalex.org/W2799625724","https://openalex.org/W2800544733","https://openalex.org/W2808364946","https://openalex.org/W2811462850","https://openalex.org/W2890091605","https://openalex.org/W2897179707","https://openalex.org/W2903015227","https://openalex.org/W2954139272","https://openalex.org/W2984170277","https://openalex.org/W2991344028","https://openalex.org/W3025061635","https://openalex.org/W3036247518","https://openalex.org/W3043779764","https://openalex.org/W4285543919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998419423","https://openalex.org/W1991456759","https://openalex.org/W2095854303","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W1495906304","https://openalex.org/W2018262840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,96,115,128,194,226,253],"increasing":[1],"popularity":[2],"of":[3,27,51,68,79,130,151,182,191,197,255,279],"using":[4,147,165],"wireless":[5],"devices":[6],"to":[7,20,39,64,75,109],"handle":[8],"routine":[9],"tasks":[10],"has":[11,90,137,161],"increased":[12],"the":[13,32,41,57,66,131,142,152,188,233,237,243,247,258,262],"demand":[14],"for":[15,93,179,250],"incorporating":[16],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[17],"(MIMO)":[18],"technology":[19],"utilize":[21],"limited":[22,54],"bandwidth":[23],"efficiently.":[24],"presence":[26],"comparatively":[28],"large":[29],"space":[30,55,102],"at":[31,56,121,211,215],"base":[33],"station":[34],"(BS)":[35],"makes":[36],"it":[37],"straightforward":[38],"exploit":[40],"MIMO":[42,83,113,134,251],"technology's":[43],"useful":[44],"properties.":[45],"From":[46],"a":[47,81,148],"mobile":[48,58],"handset":[49],"point":[50],"view,":[52],"and":[53,123,144,208,222,236,257,268],"handset,":[59],"complex":[60],"procedures":[61],"are":[62,218],"required":[63],"increase":[65],"number":[67],"active":[69],"antenna":[70,89,98,118,136,199,264,280],"elements.":[71,281],"In":[72],"this":[73,202],"paper,":[74],"address":[76],"such":[77],"type":[78],"issues,":[80],"four-element":[82],"dual":[84,86],"band,":[85],"diversity,":[87],"dipole":[88,117,135],"been":[91,138,162],"proposed":[92,97,116,132,153],"5G-enabled":[94],"handsets.":[95],"design":[99],"relies":[100],"on":[101,261],"diversity":[103,108],"as":[104,106],"well":[105,186],"pattern":[107],"provide":[110],"an":[111],"acceptable":[112],"performance.":[114],"simultaneously":[119],"operates":[120],"3.6":[122,212],"4.7":[124,216],"sub-6":[125],"GHz":[126,217],"bands.":[127],"usefulness":[129],"4\u00d74":[133],"verified":[139],"by":[140],"comparing":[141],"simulated":[143],"measured":[145],"results":[146,275],"fabricated":[149],"version":[150],"antenna.":[154],"A":[155],"specific":[156],"absorption":[157],"rate":[158],"(SAR)":[159],"analysis":[160],"carried":[163],"out":[164],"CST":[166],"Voxel":[167],"(a":[168],"heterogeneous":[169],"biological":[170],"human":[171],"head)":[172],"model,":[173],"which":[174,274],"shows":[175],"maximum":[176],"SAR":[177],"value":[178,190],"10":[180],"g":[181],"head":[183],"tissue":[184],"is":[185,204,241,266,272],"below":[187,242],"permitted":[189],"2.0":[192],"W/kg.":[193],"total":[195,263],"efficiency":[196,265],"each":[198],"element":[200],"in":[201,239],"structure":[203,248],"-2.88,":[205],"-3.12,":[206],"-1.92":[207],"-2.45":[209],"dB":[210,224],"GHz,":[213],"while":[214],"-1.61,":[219],"-2.19,":[220],"-1.72":[221],"-1.18":[223],"respectively.":[225],"isolation,":[227],"envelope":[228],"correlation":[229],"coefficient":[230],"(ECC)":[231],"between":[232],"adjacent":[234],"ports":[235],"loss":[238],"capacity":[240],"standard":[244],"margin,":[245],"making":[246],"appropriate":[249],"applications.":[252],"effect":[254],"handgrip":[256],"housing":[259],"box":[260],"analyzed,":[267],"only":[269],"5%":[270],"variation":[271],"observed,":[273],"from":[276],"careful":[277],"placement":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}