{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125969569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030728","title":"Multi-Block Color-Binarized Statistical Images for Single-Sample Face Recognition","display_name":"Multi-Block Color-Binarized Statistical Images for Single-Sample Face Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125969569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030728","mag":"3125969569","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33494516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030728","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/728/pdf?version=1612056373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/728/pdf?version=1612056373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011598867","display_name":"Insaf Adjabi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129390127","display_name":"University of Bouira","ror":"https://ror.org/00vsxg936","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129390127"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insaf Adjabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, LIMPAF, University of Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, LIMPAF, University of Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129390127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046463612","display_name":"Abdeldjalil Ouahabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-7693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110017253","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tours","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwzvj46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110017253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129390127","display_name":"University of Bouira","ror":"https://ror.org/00vsxg936","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129390127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093987","display_name":"Imaging, Brain, and Neuropsychiatry","ror":"https://ror.org/01eem7c55","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110017253","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210093987"]}],"countries":["DZ","FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdeldjalil Ouahabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, LIMPAF, University of Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria","Polytech Tours, Imaging and Brain, INSERM U930, University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-7693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, LIMPAF, University of Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129390127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytech Tours, Imaging and Brain, INSERM U930, University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110017253","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210093987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034540351","display_name":"Amir Benzaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-1143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129390127","display_name":"University of Bouira","ror":"https://ror.org/00vsxg936","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129390127"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Benzaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-1143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129390127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036897079","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Jacques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6798-6914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110017253","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Tours","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwzvj46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110017253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129154","display_name":"Services d\u00e9concentr\u00e9s d'appui \u00e0 la recherche Val de Loire","ror":"https://ror.org/03ntmtb29","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210129154"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143826","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es Centre Val de Loire","ror":"https://ror.org/03y0qc033","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien Jacques","raw_affiliation_strings":["GREMAN UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val-de-Loire, 37200 Tours, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6798-6914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GREMAN UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val-de-Loire, 37200 Tours, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110017253","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210129154","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046463612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110017253","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I3129390127","https://openalex.org/I4210093987"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":5.9649,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97515943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"728","last_page":"728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7131358981132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6659375429153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6581031680107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6400133967399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5355697870254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5270141363143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5131312012672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4676014482975006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45883554220199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.43620216846466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2321028709411621}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7131358981132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6659375429153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6581031680107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6400133967399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5355697870254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5270141363143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5131312012672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4676014482975006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45883554220199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.43620216846466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2321028709411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066499","descriptor_name":"Facial Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030728","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/728/pdf?version=1612056373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33494516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33494516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03118338v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://univ-tours.hal.science/hal-03118338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, 2021, 21, &#x27E8;10.3390/s21030728&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f0b71e2ddf547d38dda72ed49501ee6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f0b71e2ddf547d38dda72ed49501ee6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 3, p 728 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6771371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7865363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/3/728/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 3; Pages: 728","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7865363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7865363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030728","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/728/pdf?version=1612056373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125969569.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125969569.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1461711402","https://openalex.org/W1502160187","https://openalex.org/W1541521713","https://openalex.org/W1607979445","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1967180011","https://openalex.org/W1982850300","https://openalex.org/W2001947174","https://openalex.org/W2015001041","https://openalex.org/W2038165640","https://openalex.org/W2043050190","https://openalex.org/W2043694524","https://openalex.org/W2061126127","https://openalex.org/W2062019416","https://openalex.org/W2070343473","https://openalex.org/W2090504921","https://openalex.org/W2092131162","https://openalex.org/W2095189186","https://openalex.org/W2100240926","https://openalex.org/W2100962511","https://openalex.org/W2102544846","https://openalex.org/W2110410904","https://openalex.org/W2111954528","https://openalex.org/W2113366599","https://openalex.org/W2117553576","https://openalex.org/W2117820831","https://openalex.org/W2120100419","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2129846893","https://openalex.org/W2132467081","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2149224850","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2150570534","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2169739317","https://openalex.org/W2181904953","https://openalex.org/W2293557435","https://openalex.org/W2340718378","https://openalex.org/W2494484377","https://openalex.org/W2507369300","https://openalex.org/W2566951457","https://openalex.org/W2583388674","https://openalex.org/W2593697948","https://openalex.org/W2610906757","https://openalex.org/W2738393865","https://openalex.org/W2759530082","https://openalex.org/W2766343927","https://openalex.org/W2770897789","https://openalex.org/W2781566707","https://openalex.org/W2782906787","https://openalex.org/W2791018823","https://openalex.org/W2794145501","https://openalex.org/W2795275569","https://openalex.org/W2805754451","https://openalex.org/W2808923009","https://openalex.org/W2888590069","https://openalex.org/W2890168908","https://openalex.org/W2907125015","https://openalex.org/W2908030971","https://openalex.org/W2913249868","https://openalex.org/W2971357197","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W2994641016","https://openalex.org/W2999711171","https://openalex.org/W3003142569","https://openalex.org/W3009123559","https://openalex.org/W3013341704","https://openalex.org/W3031060177","https://openalex.org/W3044815875","https://openalex.org/W3087333752","https://openalex.org/W3088820816","https://openalex.org/W3092389862","https://openalex.org/W3095097540","https://openalex.org/W3104966193","https://openalex.org/W3107858610","https://openalex.org/W3108002566","https://openalex.org/W3114603125","https://openalex.org/W3124944382","https://openalex.org/W3125697162","https://openalex.org/W6630005630","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6680642933","https://openalex.org/W6749148932","https://openalex.org/W6786019939","https://openalex.org/W6786235355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372403409","https://openalex.org/W4242726756","https://openalex.org/W144832045","https://openalex.org/W1979328687","https://openalex.org/W1976985527","https://openalex.org/W2132049714","https://openalex.org/W2034641747","https://openalex.org/W2003949892","https://openalex.org/W2884713252","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single-Sample":[0],"Face":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(SSFR)":[3],"is":[4,13,120],"a":[5,83,131],"computer":[6],"vision":[7],"challenge.":[8],"In":[9],"this":[10],"scenario,":[11],"there":[12],"only":[14,236],"one":[15],"example":[16],"from":[17],"each":[18,97],"individual":[19],"on":[20,142,237],"which":[21,65],"to":[22,29,103,174,223],"train":[23],"the":[24,50,79,105,114,118,124,127,135,146,156,162,198,214,230],"system,":[25],"making":[26,259],"it":[27,95,260],"difficult":[28],"identify":[30],"persons":[31],"in":[32,40,113,155,169,183,252],"unconstrained":[33,147,170],"environments,":[34],"mainly":[35],"when":[36,172,179],"dealing":[37,180],"with":[38,181,201],"changes":[39,182],"facial":[41,84,107,184],"expression,":[42,185],"posture,":[43],"lighting,":[44,186],"and":[45,75,92,149,152,166,187,195,208,211,239],"occlusion.":[46,188],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"discusses":[49],"relevance":[51],"of":[52,69,134,145],"an":[53],"original":[54],"method":[55,81,232],"for":[56,197,213,262],"SSFR,":[57],"called":[58],"Multi-Block":[59],"Color-Binarized":[60],"Statistical":[61],"Image":[62],"Features":[63],"(MB-C-BSIF),":[64],"exploits":[66],"several":[67,143],"kinds":[68],"features,":[70],"namely,":[71],"local,":[72],"regional,":[73],"global,":[74],"textured-color":[76],"characteristics.":[77],"First,":[78],"MB-C-BSIF":[80,163],"decomposes":[82],"image":[85,241],"into":[86,99],"three":[87],"channels":[88],"(e.g.,":[89],"red,":[90],"green,":[91],"blue),":[93],"then":[94],"divides":[96],"channel":[98],"equal":[100],"non-overlapping":[101],"blocks":[102],"select":[104],"local":[106],"characteristics":[108],"that":[109,161,244],"are":[110,193,220],"consequently":[111],"employed":[112],"classification":[115,191],"phase.":[116],"Finally,":[117],"identity":[119],"determined":[121],"by":[122,226],"calculating":[123],"similarities":[125],"among":[126],"characteristic":[128],"vectors":[129],"adopting":[130],"distance":[132],"measurement":[133],"K-nearest":[136],"neighbors":[137],"(K-NN)":[138],"classifier.":[139],"Extensive":[140],"experiments":[141],"subsets":[144],"Alex":[148],"Robert":[150],"(AR)":[151],"Labeled":[153],"Faces":[154],"Wild":[157],"(LFW)":[158],"databases":[159],"show":[160],"achieves":[164],"superior":[165,222],"competitive":[167],"results":[168],"situations":[171],"compared":[173],"current":[175],"state-of-the-art":[176,227],"methods,":[177,258],"especially":[178],"The":[189],"average":[190],"accuracies":[192],"96.17%":[194],"99%":[196],"AR":[199],"database":[200],"two":[202],"specific":[203],"protocols":[204],"(i.e.,":[205],"Protocols":[206],"I":[207],"II,":[209],"respectively),":[210],"38.01%":[212],"challenging":[215],"LFW":[216],"database.":[217],"These":[218],"performances":[219],"clearly":[221],"those":[224],"obtained":[225],"methods.":[228],"Furthermore,":[229],"proposed":[231],"uses":[233],"algorithms":[234],"based":[235],"simple":[238],"elementary":[240],"processing":[242],"operations":[243],"do":[245],"not":[246],"imply":[247],"higher":[248],"computational":[249],"costs":[250],"as":[251],"holistic,":[253],"sparse":[254],"or":[255],"deep":[256],"learning":[257],"ideal":[261],"real-time":[263],"identification.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
