{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122463660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030683","title":"A Track Geometry Measuring System Based on Multibody Kinematics, Inertial Sensors and Computer Vision","display_name":"A Track Geometry Measuring System Based on Multibody Kinematics, Inertial Sensors and Computer Vision","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122463660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030683","mag":"3122463660","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33498313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030683","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/683/pdf?version=1611454562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/683/pdf?version=1611454562","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016425901","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 L. Escalona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5366-5802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 L. Escalona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Seville, Seville 41092, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5366-5802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Seville, Seville 41092, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053463649","display_name":"Pedro Urda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-8453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Urda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Seville, Seville 41092, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-8453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Seville, Seville 41092, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055888132","display_name":"Sergio Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-622X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials and Transportation Engineering, University of Seville, Seville 41092, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-622X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials and Transportation Engineering, University of Seville, Seville 41092, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016425901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.3221,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87556577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"683","last_page":"683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14446","display_name":"Civil and Geotechnical Engineering Research","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2200","display_name":"General Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.7891267538070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.6897820830345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.6433855295181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.6178382635116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.5597697496414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5564876198768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5283017158508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5206438899040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multibody-system","display_name":"Multibody system","score":0.5137315988540649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.483394056558609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track-geometry","display_name":"Track geometry","score":0.4522637724876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43852031230926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3935222625732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3916208744049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2774064540863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18859833478927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16804316639900208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1145969033241272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.7891267538070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.6897820830345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.6433855295181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.6178382635116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.5597697496414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5564876198768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5283017158508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5206438899040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67865112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1917564","display_name":"Multibody system","level":2,"score":0.5137315988540649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.483394056558609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780899546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10676734","display_name":"Track geometry","level":3,"score":0.4522637724876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43852031230926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3935222625732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3916208744049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2774064540863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18859833478927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16804316639900208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1145969033241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030683","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/683/pdf?version=1611454562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33498313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33498313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:idus________::5ca7a1ff4df361c2cb1b34a568d5d47f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/104530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6770721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7864017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7864017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7864017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:84c2f3fe93a841d590567ec1611ec954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/84c2f3fe93a841d590567ec1611ec954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 3, p 683 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:idus.us.es:11441/104530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11441/104530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401665","display_name":"Deposito de Investigacion Universidad de Sevilla (University of Seville)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/3/683/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 3; Pages: 683","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21030683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030683","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/683/pdf?version=1611454562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4395428871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"US-1257665","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317018","funder_display_name":"Consejer\u00eda de Econom\u00eda, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317018","display_name":"Consejer\u00eda de Econom\u00eda, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3122463660.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532061259","https://openalex.org/W1966732442","https://openalex.org/W1996357986","https://openalex.org/W2027933295","https://openalex.org/W2076182105","https://openalex.org/W2106241353","https://openalex.org/W2119307279","https://openalex.org/W2122750542","https://openalex.org/W2142337735","https://openalex.org/W2155399961","https://openalex.org/W2160146756","https://openalex.org/W2560280918","https://openalex.org/W2791339188","https://openalex.org/W2811510446","https://openalex.org/W2954621898","https://openalex.org/W2979332142","https://openalex.org/W3038231580","https://openalex.org/W3107690007","https://openalex.org/W3153427783","https://openalex.org/W4248402235","https://openalex.org/W4251147723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973973903","https://openalex.org/W3195533899","https://openalex.org/W3208523813","https://openalex.org/W4287084017","https://openalex.org/W3179745820","https://openalex.org/W2537790823","https://openalex.org/W2594666386","https://openalex.org/W2545638156","https://openalex.org/W2359095091","https://openalex.org/W2000754062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,7,65,81,85,88,93,108,115,166,171,174,187],"kinematics":[4],"used":[5,72,78,105],"for":[6,32,92,145],"calculation":[8,185],"of":[9,13,39,69,127,151,173,184,186],"track":[10,116,142,155],"geometric":[11,149,188],"irregularities":[12,117,150],"a":[14,30,37,125,137,152,178],"new":[15],"Track":[16],"Geometry":[17],"Measuring":[18],"System":[19],"(TGMS)":[20],"to":[21,79,106,113],"be":[22],"installed":[23],"in":[24,73,136],"railway":[25,70],"vehicles.":[26],"The":[27,58,100,130,148],"TGMS":[28,131],"includes":[29],"computer":[31,74,94],"data":[33],"acquisition":[34],"and":[35,49,55,87,90,97,121,141,162,165],"process,":[36],"set":[38],"sensors":[40],"including":[41],"an":[42,56,160],"inertial":[43],"measuring":[44],"unit":[45],"(IMU,":[46],"3D":[47,50],"gyroscope":[48],"accelerometer),":[51],"two":[52],"video":[53],"cameras":[54],"encoder.":[57],"kinematic":[59],"description,":[60],"that":[61,110],"is":[62,77,103],"borrowed":[63],"from":[64],"multibody":[66,101],"dynamics":[67],"analysis":[68],"vehicles":[71],"simulation":[75],"codes,":[76],"calculate":[80,114],"relative":[82],"motion":[83],"between":[84,181],"vehicle":[86,140],"track,":[89],"also":[91],"vision":[95],"system":[96],"its":[98],"calibration.":[99],"framework":[102],"thus":[104],"find":[107],"formulas":[109],"are":[111,168],"needed":[112],"(gauge,":[118],"cross-level,":[119],"alignment":[120],"vertical":[122],"profile)":[123],"as":[124],"function":[126],"sensor":[128],"data.":[129],"has":[132],"been":[133,157],"experimentally":[134],"tested":[135],"1:10":[138],"scaled":[139],"specifically":[143],"designed":[144],"this":[146],"investigation.":[147],"90":[153],"m-scale":[154],"have":[156],"measured":[158],"with":[159,170],"alternative":[161],"accurate":[163],"method":[164],"results":[167,172],"compared":[169],"TGMS.":[175],"Results":[176],"show":[177],"good":[179],"agreement":[180],"both":[182],"methods":[183],"irregularities.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
