{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126107949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020617","title":"CAFD: Context-Aware Fault Diagnostic Scheme towards Sensor Faults Utilizing Machine Learning","display_name":"CAFD: Context-Aware Fault Diagnostic Scheme towards Sensor Faults Utilizing Machine Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126107949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020617","mag":"3126107949","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33477325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21020617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/617/pdf?version=1611025958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/617/pdf?version=1611025958","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005663408","display_name":"Umer Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7666-838X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umer Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013537933","display_name":"Young-Doo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-6235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Doo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048418386","display_name":"Sana Ullah Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-4719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I868834043","display_name":"University of the West of Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3d2v20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sana Ullah Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082206251","display_name":"Insoo Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Insoo Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082206251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.5314,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96314005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"617","last_page":"617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6969095468521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6679172515869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.666450560092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5981029272079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5412471294403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.49222221970558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.49062076210975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4887204170227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46855172514915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.46244269609451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46101677417755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09830975532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.0763435959815979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6969095468521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6679172515869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.666450560092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5981029272079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5412471294403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.49222221970558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.49062076210975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4887204170227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46855172514915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.46244269609451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46101677417755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09830975532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0763435959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21020617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/617/pdf?version=1611025958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33477325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33477325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/f1404c77-d216-4179-aee6-65f5821137e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-portal.uws.ac.uk/en/publications/f1404c77-d216-4179-aee6-65f5821137e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402572","display_name":"The UWS Academic Portal (University of the West of Scotland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I868834043","host_organization_name":"University of the West of Scotland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I868834043"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saeed, U, Lee, Y-D, Jan, S U & Koo, I 2021, 'CAFD : context-aware fault diagnostic scheme towards sensor faults utilizing machine learning', Sensors, vol. 21, no. 2, 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020617","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:722dff13ad484096a00820995f59306d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/722dff13ad484096a00820995f59306d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 2, p 617 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/2/617/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 2; Pages: 617","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7830358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7830358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:2937068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2937068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21020617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/617/pdf?version=1611025958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1214977761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A2B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2379941033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1A2B6001714","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2450379774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A2B6001714","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2716352341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Ulsan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321309","funder_display_name":"University of Ulsan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3034753964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3942910960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NRF) grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4054823429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1A2B600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685055460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G982292920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321309","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126107949.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126107949.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597576211","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2117435128","https://openalex.org/W2150015649","https://openalex.org/W2165847864","https://openalex.org/W2364419577","https://openalex.org/W2417420127","https://openalex.org/W2548146996","https://openalex.org/W2578214075","https://openalex.org/W2614556125","https://openalex.org/W2620740922","https://openalex.org/W2741768983","https://openalex.org/W2766116619","https://openalex.org/W2767266276","https://openalex.org/W2767507316","https://openalex.org/W2768753204","https://openalex.org/W2793988933","https://openalex.org/W2795259304","https://openalex.org/W2888836402","https://openalex.org/W2910156606","https://openalex.org/W2916641566","https://openalex.org/W2922520136","https://openalex.org/W2933589034","https://openalex.org/W2950150695","https://openalex.org/W2990692968","https://openalex.org/W3001336289","https://openalex.org/W3012241133","https://openalex.org/W3031502194","https://openalex.org/W3082502178","https://openalex.org/W3083890203","https://openalex.org/W3094330920","https://openalex.org/W3116027301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067443264","https://openalex.org/W31566076","https://openalex.org/W4297902562","https://openalex.org/W2741186499","https://openalex.org/W2804652951","https://openalex.org/W2968645206","https://openalex.org/W2556335056","https://openalex.org/W2002678693","https://openalex.org/W2743832667","https://openalex.org/W1584764049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sensors'":[0],"existence":[1],"as":[2],"a":[3,42,52,70,78,102,152,181,186],"key":[4],"component":[5],"of":[6,41,46,69,98,107,123,158,164],"Cyber-Physical":[7],"Systems":[8],"makes":[9],"it":[10],"susceptible":[11],"to":[12,15,50,143],"failures":[13],"due":[14],"complex":[16],"environments,":[17],"low-quality":[18],"production,":[19],"and":[20,39,58,67,109,134,146,169,185],"aging.":[21],"When":[22],"defective,":[23],"sensors":[24],"either":[25],"stop":[26],"communicating":[27],"or":[28],"convey":[29],"incorrect":[30],"information.":[31],"These":[32],"unsteady":[33],"situations":[34],"threaten":[35],"the":[36,62,96,99,141,156,159],"safety,":[37],"economy,":[38],"reliability":[40],"system.":[43],"The":[44,136],"objective":[45],"this":[47,76],"study":[48],"is":[49,84,113,172],"construct":[51],"lightweight":[53],"machine":[54,178],"learning-based":[55],"fault":[56,125],"detection":[57],"diagnostic":[59,165],"system":[60],"within":[61],"limited":[63],"energy":[64],"resources,":[65],"memory,":[66],"computation":[68],"Wireless":[71],"Sensor":[72],"Network":[73],"(WSN).":[74],"In":[75],"paper,":[77],"Context-Aware":[79],"Fault":[80],"Diagnostic":[81],"(CAFD)":[82],"scheme":[83,139],"proposed":[85,100,137],"based":[86],"on":[87],"an":[88],"ensemble":[89],"learning":[90,179],"algorithm":[91,161],"called":[92],"Extra-Trees.":[93],"To":[94],"evaluate":[95],"performance":[97],"scheme,":[101],"realistic":[103],"WSN":[104],"scenario":[105],"composed":[106],"humidity":[108],"temperature":[110],"sensor":[111,124,149],"observations":[112],"replicated":[114],"with":[115,176],"extreme":[116],"low-intensity":[117,148],"faults.":[118],"Six":[119],"commonly":[120],"occurring":[121],"types":[122],"are":[126],"considered:":[127],"drift,":[128],"hard-over/bias,":[129],"spike,":[130],"erratic/precision":[131],"degradation,":[132],"stuck,":[133],"data-loss.":[135],"CAFD":[138],"reveals":[140],"ability":[142],"accurately":[144],"detect":[145],"diagnose":[147],"faults":[150],"in":[151,162],"timely":[153],"manner.":[154],"Moreover,":[155],"efficiency":[157],"Extra-Trees":[160],"terms":[163],"accuracy,":[166],"F1-score,":[167],"ROC-AUC,":[168],"training":[170],"time":[171],"demonstrated":[173],"by":[174],"comparison":[175],"cutting-edge":[177],"algorithms:":[180],"Support":[182],"Vector":[183],"Machine":[184],"Neural":[187],"Network.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
