{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3113580286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010118","title":"UAV-Based RGB Imagery for Hokkaido Pumpkin (Cucurbita max.) Detection and Yield Estimation","display_name":"UAV-Based RGB Imagery for Hokkaido Pumpkin (Cucurbita max.) Detection and Yield Estimation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3113580286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010118","mag":"3113580286","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33375474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21010118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010118","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/118/pdf?version=1609065620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/118/pdf?version=1609065620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011153562","display_name":"Lucas Wittstruck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-3906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Wittstruck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Group, Institute of Computer Science, Osnabr\u00fcck University, 49074 Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Group, Institute of Computer Science, Osnabr\u00fcck University, 49074 Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000005018","display_name":"Insa K\u00fchling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-2425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insa K\u00fchling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy and Crop Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy and Crop Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052322753","display_name":"Dieter Trautz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8359-2172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159638","display_name":"Hochschule Osnabr\u00fcck","ror":"https://ror.org/059vymd37","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159638"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Trautz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabr\u00fcck University of Applied Sciences, 49076 Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabr\u00fcck University of Applied Sciences, 49076 Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159638"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081068101","display_name":"Maik Kohlbrecher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159638","display_name":"Hochschule Osnabr\u00fcck","ror":"https://ror.org/059vymd37","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159638"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maik Kohlbrecher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabr\u00fcck University of Applied Sciences, 49076 Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabr\u00fcck University of Applied Sciences, 49076 Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159638"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071580268","display_name":"Thomas Jarmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4652-1640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Jarmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Group, Institute of Computer Science, Osnabr\u00fcck University, 49074 Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Group, Institute of Computer Science, Osnabr\u00fcck University, 49074 Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011153562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":1925,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2076},"fwci":3.4782,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92242314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"118","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9577999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.7249708771705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5993653535842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5749558210372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5279842019081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5163763761520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.5016484260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4759790003299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.4136947989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4069722294807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3622143268585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31865572929382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2797696590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15457814931869507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.7249708771705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5993653535842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5749558210372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5279842019081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5163763761520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.5016484260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4759790003299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4136947989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4069722294807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3622143268585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31865572929382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2797696590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15457814931869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005638","descriptor_name":"Fruit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028464","descriptor_name":"Cucurbita","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D028464","descriptor_name":"Cucurbita","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D028464","descriptor_name":"Cucurbita","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21010118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010118","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/118/pdf?version=1609065620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33375474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33375474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:130ac92ade2944a1b704ad4861a1d31c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/130ac92ade2944a1b704ad4861a1d31c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 1, p 118 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6704484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7794958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:macau.uni-kiel.de:macau_mods_00000957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/macau_mods_00000957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196482","display_name":"MACAU (Kiel University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","host_organization_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/1/118/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 1; Pages: 118","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osnadocs.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de:urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-202106145080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196911","display_name":"osnaDocs (Osnabr\u00fcck University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","host_organization_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7794958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7794958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de:urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-202106145080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-202106145080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196911","display_name":"osnaDocs (Osnabr\u00fcck University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","host_organization_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21010118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010118","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/118/pdf?version=1609065620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3113580286.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3113580286.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119626103","https://openalex.org/W1562166700","https://openalex.org/W2023752928","https://openalex.org/W2026992687","https://openalex.org/W2064352738","https://openalex.org/W2101108516","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2166307050","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2281440802","https://openalex.org/W2484433262","https://openalex.org/W2564729243","https://openalex.org/W2578363764","https://openalex.org/W2618732405","https://openalex.org/W2748154283","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2803704160","https://openalex.org/W2934229382","https://openalex.org/W2953473428","https://openalex.org/W2969620406","https://openalex.org/W2982717024","https://openalex.org/W2983056308","https://openalex.org/W2983376237","https://openalex.org/W2986737861","https://openalex.org/W3007597990","https://openalex.org/W3013956155","https://openalex.org/W3036135061","https://openalex.org/W3047518985","https://openalex.org/W3048734519","https://openalex.org/W3092383557","https://openalex.org/W4234864038","https://openalex.org/W4250819038","https://openalex.org/W4297957988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341492732","https://openalex.org/W3187193180","https://openalex.org/W106542691","https://openalex.org/W1699080303","https://openalex.org/W4297799326","https://openalex.org/W3116064965","https://openalex.org/W3102673927","https://openalex.org/W2327954668","https://openalex.org/W292456094","https://openalex.org/W2790335623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pumpkins":[0],"are":[1],"economically":[2],"and":[3,10,23,32,51,72,88,91,109,125,137,191,200,226,242],"nutritionally":[4],"valuable":[5],"vegetables":[6],"with":[7,120,194,212],"increasing":[8],"popularity":[9],"acreage":[11],"across":[12],"Europe.":[13],"Successful":[14],"commercialization,":[15],"however,":[16],"require":[17],"detailed":[18],"pre-harvest":[19,279],"information":[20,275],"about":[21],"number":[22,229],"weight":[24,92,97,192,222,293],"of":[25,107,113,175,179,198,223,230,238,264],"the":[26,68,96,146,159,166,182,204,262,265,271],"fruits.":[27],"To":[28,94],"get":[29],"a":[30,55,172,188,257],"non-destructive":[31],"cost-effective":[33],"yield":[34,209],"estimation,":[35],"we":[36,101],"developed":[37],"an":[38,218,227],"image":[39,77,80,160],"processing":[40,148],"methodology":[41,64],"for":[42,84,127,251,276],"high-resolution":[43],"RGB":[44],"data":[45,161],"from":[46,98,105,129,181,203],"Unmanned":[47],"aerial":[48],"vehicle":[49],"(UAV)":[50],"applied":[52],"this":[53,114],"on":[54,145],"Hokkaido":[56,272],"pumpkin":[57],"farmer's":[58],"field":[59,183],"in":[60,67,135,158],"North-western":[61],"Germany.":[62],"The":[63,111,169,208,267],"was":[65,116,210],"implemented":[66],"programming":[69],"language":[70],"Python":[71],"comprised":[73],"several":[74],"steps,":[75],"including":[76],"pre-processing,":[78],"pixel-based":[79],"classification,":[81],"classification":[82,136],"post-processing":[83],"single":[85],"fruit":[86,89,138,221,240],"detection,":[87],"size":[90,291],"quantification.":[93],"derive":[95],"two-dimensional":[99],"imagery,":[100],"calculated":[102,245],"elliptical":[103],"spheroids":[104],"lengths":[106],"diameters":[108],"heights.":[110],"performance":[112],"processes":[115],"evaluated":[117],"by":[118,165],"comparison":[119],"manually":[121],"harvested":[122],"ground-truth":[123],"samples":[124],"cross-checked":[126],"misclassification":[128],"randomly":[130],"selected":[131],"test":[132],"objects.":[133],"Errors":[134],"geometry":[139],"could":[140,162],"be":[141,163],"successfully":[142],"reduced":[143],"based":[144],"described":[147,205],"steps.":[149],"Additionally,":[150],"different":[151],"lighting":[152],"conditions,":[153],"as":[154,156,185,187,254],"well":[155,186],"shadows,":[157],"compensated":[164],"proposed":[167,268],"methodology.":[168],"results":[170],"revealed":[171],"satisfactory":[173],"detection":[174],"95%":[176],"(error":[177],"rate":[178],"5%)":[180],"sample,":[184],"reliable":[189],"volume":[190],"estimation":[193],"Pearson's":[195],"correlation":[196],"coefficients":[197],"0.83":[199],"0.84,":[201],"respectively,":[202],"ellipsoid":[206],"approach.":[207],"estimated":[211],"1.51":[213],"kg":[214],"m<sup>-2</sup>":[215],"corresponding":[216],"to":[217,246,261],"average":[219,228],"individual":[220],"1100":[224],"g":[225],"1.37":[231],"pumpkins":[232],"per":[233],"m<sup>2</sup>.":[234],"Moreover,":[235],"spatial":[236],"distribution":[237],"aggregated":[239],"densities":[241],"weights":[243],"were":[244],"assess":[247],"in-field":[248],"optimization":[249],"potential":[250],"agronomic":[252],"management":[253],"demonstrated":[255],"between":[256],"shaded":[258],"edge":[259],"compared":[260],"rest":[263],"field.":[266],"approach":[269],"provides":[270],"producer":[273],"useful":[274],"more":[277],"targeted":[278],"marketing":[280],"strategies,":[281],"since":[282],"most":[283],"food":[284],"retailers":[285],"request":[286],"homogeneous":[287],"lots":[288],"within":[289],"prescribed":[290],"or":[292],"classes.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-21T06:30:42.041108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
