{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3116924733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247308","title":"Achieving 3D Beamforming by Non-Synchronous Microphone Array Measurements","display_name":"Achieving 3D Beamforming by Non-Synchronous Microphone Array Measurements","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3116924733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247308","mag":"3116924733","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33352768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20247308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247308","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8079-4055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Vibration, Shock and Noise, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8079-4055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Vibration, Shock and Noise, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091516109","display_name":"Qixin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6250-3531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050267843","display_name":"Ning Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-873X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-873X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431295","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6719-5071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050267843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82233966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"24","first_page":"7308","last_page":"7308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8624566793441772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone-array","display_name":"Microphone array","score":0.6660575866699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.6147109270095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5815722942352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.549757719039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-canceling-microphone","display_name":"Noise-canceling microphone","score":0.5064588785171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-array","display_name":"Planar array","score":0.5015890598297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-source-localization","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","score":0.4501315951347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.43641820549964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32286447286605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2519128918647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1785731017589569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15650039911270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.09857991337776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loudspeaker","display_name":"Loudspeaker","score":0.0873914361000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07770577073097229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8624566793441772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778806681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907293","display_name":"Microphone array","level":4,"score":0.6660575866699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6147109270095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5815722942352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.549757719039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36922181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047650","display_name":"Noise-canceling microphone","level":5,"score":0.5064588785171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.5015890598297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93240960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217270","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","level":3,"score":0.4501315951347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.43641820549964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32286447286605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2519128918647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1785731017589569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15650039911270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.09857991337776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157138929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570","display_name":"Loudspeaker","level":2,"score":0.0873914361000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07770577073097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20247308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33352768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33352768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aad8555174e041b489baa21de060313d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aad8555174e041b489baa21de060313d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 24, p 7308 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/24/7308/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 24; Pages: 7308","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7766810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7766810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20247308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7237374976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 61701440 and Grant 11704248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W782790573","https://openalex.org/W1990499347","https://openalex.org/W2001456509","https://openalex.org/W2002731854","https://openalex.org/W2011235948","https://openalex.org/W2025480381","https://openalex.org/W2030855065","https://openalex.org/W2043944389","https://openalex.org/W2050291671","https://openalex.org/W2054956311","https://openalex.org/W2075919272","https://openalex.org/W2083542424","https://openalex.org/W2086099721","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2254177008","https://openalex.org/W2292417508","https://openalex.org/W2313504733","https://openalex.org/W2375289904","https://openalex.org/W2468376053","https://openalex.org/W2571101394","https://openalex.org/W2624958350","https://openalex.org/W2739058634","https://openalex.org/W2739534060","https://openalex.org/W2797506630","https://openalex.org/W2893073828","https://openalex.org/W2914384479","https://openalex.org/W2943504011","https://openalex.org/W2960545449","https://openalex.org/W2969805916","https://openalex.org/W2972212349","https://openalex.org/W3004766207","https://openalex.org/W3022782403","https://openalex.org/W3034664488","https://openalex.org/W3081135488","https://openalex.org/W4236154608","https://openalex.org/W4251221755","https://openalex.org/W4256217162","https://openalex.org/W6673008326","https://openalex.org/W6690775455","https://openalex.org/W6698848227","https://openalex.org/W6703406965","https://openalex.org/W6782451298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515932869","https://openalex.org/W2769861442","https://openalex.org/W1654949927","https://openalex.org/W1980506188","https://openalex.org/W1879255185","https://openalex.org/W2804363668","https://openalex.org/W2963983801","https://openalex.org/W2120442551","https://openalex.org/W2126980866","https://openalex.org/W3080770005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beamforming":[0],"technology":[1],"is":[2,43,113,130,188,214],"an":[3],"essential":[4],"method":[5],"in":[6,16,32,64,90,139,179,207],"acoustic":[7],"imaging":[8,135,165],"or":[9,120],"reconstruction,":[10],"which":[11,91],"has":[12,54],"been":[13],"widely":[14],"used":[15],"sound":[17,61,98],"source":[18,38,41,62,99,209],"localization":[19,63],"and":[20,124,156,177,219],"noise":[21],"reduction.":[22],"The":[23,40,109,133,164,181,195,211],"beamforming":[24,128,144],"algorithm":[25],"can":[26,68],"be":[27,69],"described":[28],"as":[29],"all":[30],"microphones":[31,184],"a":[33,65,117,146,204,217],"plane":[34,67],"simultaneously":[35],"recording":[36],"the":[37,48,51,57,60,72,77,92,96,103,106,125,142,149,157,168,174,192],"signal.":[39],"position":[42],"then":[44],"localized":[45],"by":[46,71,116],"maximizing":[47],"result":[49],"of":[50,59,75,105,127,167,183],"beamformer.":[52],"Evidence":[53],"shown":[55],"that":[56],"accuracy":[58],"2D":[66],"improved":[70],"non-synchronous":[73,83,150,158,169,196],"measurements":[74,84,151,159,170,176,197],"moving":[76,154,162,200],"microphone":[78,122],"array.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"are":[85,137,171],"applied":[86],"to":[87,101],"3D":[88,97,107,134,208],"beamforming,":[89],"measurement":[93,187],"array":[94],"envelops":[95],"space":[100],"improve":[102],"resolution":[104,206],"space.":[108],"entire":[110],"radiated":[111],"object":[112],"covered":[114],"better":[115],"virtualized":[118],"large":[119],"high-density":[121],"array,":[123,148],"range":[126],"frequency":[129],"also":[131,202],"expanded.":[132],"results":[136,166],"achieved":[138],"different":[140],"ways:":[141],"conventional":[143],"with":[145,152,160,173,191,198,216],"planar":[147],"orthogonal":[153],"arrays,":[155],"non-orthogonal":[161,199],"arrays.":[163],"compared":[172,190],"synchronous":[175,193],"analyzed":[178],"detail.":[180],"number":[182],"required":[185],"for":[186],"reduced":[189],"measurement.":[194],"arrays":[201],"have":[203],"good":[205],"localization.":[210],"proposed":[212],"approach":[213],"validated":[215],"simulation":[218],"experiment.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
