{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111041544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247266","title":"Distance and Angle Correction System (DACS) for a kHz A-Scan Rate Pump-Probe Laser-Ultrasound Inspection","display_name":"Distance and Angle Correction System (DACS) for a kHz A-Scan Rate Pump-Probe Laser-Ultrasound Inspection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111041544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247266","mag":"3111041544","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33352911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20247266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247266","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7266/pdf?version=1608530658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7266/pdf?version=1608530658","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041370890","display_name":"Ryan A. Canfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-5091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan A. Canfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019180160","display_name":"Jan Ahrens","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Ahrens","raw_affiliation_strings":["TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Gro\u00dfer Hillen 38, D-30559 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Gro\u00dfer Hillen 38, D-30559 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067272929","display_name":"Jill Bingham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115859","display_name":"Behavioral Tech Research, Inc.","ror":"https://ror.org/02843s885","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jill Bingham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boeing Research and Technology, 9725 E Marginal Way S, Tukwila, WA 98108, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Research and Technology, 9725 E Marginal Way S, Tukwila, WA 98108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859","https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017942348","display_name":"Barry Fetzer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115859","display_name":"Behavioral Tech Research, Inc.","ror":"https://ror.org/02843s885","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry Fetzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boeing Research and Technology, 9725 E Marginal Way S, Tukwila, WA 98108, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Research and Technology, 9725 E Marginal Way S, Tukwila, WA 98108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859","https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028811777","display_name":"Thomas M\u00fcller-Wirts","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M\u00fcller-Wirts","raw_affiliation_strings":["TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Gro\u00dfer Hillen 38, D-30559 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Gro\u00dfer Hillen 38, D-30559 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065114207","display_name":"Matthew O\u2019Donnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-7613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew O\u2019Donnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-7613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081478439","display_name":"Gary Georgeson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115859","display_name":"Behavioral Tech Research, Inc.","ror":"https://ror.org/02843s885","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Georgeson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boeing Research and Technology, 9725 E Marginal Way S, Tukwila, WA 98108, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Research and Technology, 9725 E Marginal Way S, Tukwila, WA 98108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859","https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061370326","display_name":"Ivan Pelivanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-1481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Pelivanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061370326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2613,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52802456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"24","first_page":"7266","last_page":"7266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7758734226226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.7487127780914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5954194664955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.5650824308395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.5240921378135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5001862049102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.49878764152526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.4627978503704071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.4502685070037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.37242764234542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34989190101623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3276941776275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20799520611763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.19959214329719543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7758734226226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7487127780914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5954194664955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5650824308395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5240921378135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5001862049102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49878764152526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.4627978503704071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.4502685070037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.37242764234542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34989190101623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3276941776275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20799520611763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.19959214329719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20247266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247266","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7266/pdf?version=1608530658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33352911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33352911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e98cc0fa349b46608c838821e14355dd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e98cc0fa349b46608c838821e14355dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 24, p 7266 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/24/7266/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 24; Pages: 7266","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7766991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7766991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20247266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247266","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7266/pdf?version=1608530658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2969345627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C15-2A38-Boeing","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306077","funder_display_name":"Boeing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306077","display_name":"Boeing","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111041544.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111041544.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510612283","https://openalex.org/W1534355710","https://openalex.org/W1670949904","https://openalex.org/W1891241232","https://openalex.org/W1977449501","https://openalex.org/W1989755194","https://openalex.org/W1994362032","https://openalex.org/W2006220292","https://openalex.org/W2027107599","https://openalex.org/W2051571939","https://openalex.org/W2069947581","https://openalex.org/W2080099852","https://openalex.org/W2148237651","https://openalex.org/W2200319863","https://openalex.org/W2282298722","https://openalex.org/W2412781358","https://openalex.org/W2515261992","https://openalex.org/W2885304391","https://openalex.org/W2969398203","https://openalex.org/W3011688337","https://openalex.org/W6682031700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396932139","https://openalex.org/W2043230455","https://openalex.org/W3002438267","https://openalex.org/W1988809445","https://openalex.org/W3212166813","https://openalex.org/W2112026144","https://openalex.org/W2045753504","https://openalex.org/W2349790901","https://openalex.org/W2016541458","https://openalex.org/W4248877799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-contact":[0],"optical":[1,39,105],"detection":[2,15,71],"of":[3,10,68,79,85,91,132],"ultrasound":[4],"critically":[5],"depends":[6],"on":[7,126],"the":[8,14,57,75,80,83,92,129,137],"amount":[9],"light":[11,59],"collected":[12],"from":[13],"surface.":[16],"Although":[17],"it":[18,114],"can":[19],"be":[20,42],"optimized":[21],"in":[22,115],"multiple":[23],"ways":[24],"for":[25,44,98,128,147],"an":[26,104],"ideal":[27],"flat":[28],"polished":[29],"surface,":[30],"industrial":[31],"non-destructive":[32],"testing":[33],"and":[34,52,107,112,155],"evaluation":[35],"(NDT&E)":[36],"usually":[37,50],"requires":[38],"detectors":[40,55],"to":[41],"robust":[43],"unpolished":[45],"material":[46],"surfaces":[47,150],"that":[48,143],"are":[49],"rough":[51],"curved.":[53],"Confocal":[54],"provide":[56],"best":[58],"collection":[60],"but":[61,82],"must":[62],"trade":[63],"off":[64],"sensitivity":[65],"with":[66,74,161],"depth":[67,84],"field.":[69],"Specifically,":[70],"efficiency":[72],"increases":[73],"numerical":[76],"aperture":[77],"(NA)":[78],"detector,":[81],"field":[86],"drops.":[87],"Therefore,":[88],"fast":[89,130],"realignment":[90,166],"detector":[93],"focal":[94],"point":[95],"is":[96],"critical":[97],"in-field":[99],"applications.":[100],"Here,":[101],"we":[102],"propose":[103],"distance":[106],"angle":[108],"correction":[109,160],"system":[110],"(DACS)":[111],"demonstrate":[113],"a":[116,123,162],"kHz-rate":[117],"laser-ultrasound":[118],"inspection":[119],"system.":[120],"It":[121],"incorporates":[122],"Sagnac":[124],"interferometer":[125],"receive":[127],"scanning":[131],"aircraft":[133],"composites,":[134],"which":[135],"minimizes":[136],"required":[138],"initial":[139],"alignment.":[140],"We":[141],"show":[142],"DACS":[144],"performs":[145],"stably":[146],"different":[148],"composite":[149],"while":[151],"providing":[152],"\u00b12\u00b0":[153],"angular":[154],"\u00b12":[156],"mm":[157],"axial":[158],"automatic":[159],"maximum":[163],"100":[164],"ms":[165],"time.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
