{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110679037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247042","title":"Analysis of Conductance Probes for Two-Phase Flow and Holdup Applications","display_name":"Analysis of Conductance Probes for Two-Phase Flow and Holdup Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110679037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247042","mag":"3110679037","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33316983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20247042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7042/pdf?version=1607588867","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7042/pdf?version=1607588867","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009714085","display_name":"J.L. Mu\u00f1oz-Cobo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4512-7991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9-Luis Mu\u00f1oz-Cobo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda Energ\u00e9tica, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4512-7991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda Energ\u00e9tica, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065046904","display_name":"Yago Rivera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7028-9063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yago Rivera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda Energ\u00e9tica, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7028-9063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda Energ\u00e9tica, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022036095","display_name":"C. Berna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2097-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Berna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda Energ\u00e9tica, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda Energ\u00e9tica, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061938120","display_name":"A. Escriv\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9670-068X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Escriv\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda Energ\u00e9tica, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda Energ\u00e9tica, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009714085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.1442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78727602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"24","first_page":"7042","last_page":"7042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductance","display_name":"Conductance","score":0.8525807857513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6229414939880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.5079482197761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4703918695449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-value-problem","display_name":"Boundary value problem","score":0.4461723268032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.43208467960357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-emitter","display_name":"Common emitter","score":0.4307255446910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.41899359226226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3831841051578522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.35873034596443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3522350788116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.1451948881149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.13711002469062805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121932024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159376","display_name":"Conductance","level":2,"score":0.8525807857513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6229414939880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5079482197761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4703918695449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.4461723268032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.43208467960357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.4307255446910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.41899359226226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3831841051578522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35873034596443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3522350788116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.1451948881149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.13711002469062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20247042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7042/pdf?version=1607588867","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33316983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33316983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:26644c788b17497a9955a16cd306dba5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/26644c788b17497a9955a16cd306dba5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 24, p 7042 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/24/7042/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 24; Pages: 7042","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7763996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7763996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/176255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/176255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401500","display_name":"RiuNet (Politechnical University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20247042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7042/pdf?version=1607588867","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3450344454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ENE2016-79489-C2-1-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/03sv46s19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110679037.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110679037.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W354565195","https://openalex.org/W1631499155","https://openalex.org/W1985261292","https://openalex.org/W1988043966","https://openalex.org/W1992105822","https://openalex.org/W1992837269","https://openalex.org/W1992918130","https://openalex.org/W2014205319","https://openalex.org/W2029612389","https://openalex.org/W2068424943","https://openalex.org/W2076978869","https://openalex.org/W2083581466","https://openalex.org/W2083599789","https://openalex.org/W2094161272","https://openalex.org/W2125851641","https://openalex.org/W2160307555","https://openalex.org/W2566602185","https://openalex.org/W2613128212","https://openalex.org/W2921216910","https://openalex.org/W3032329403","https://openalex.org/W3044979211","https://openalex.org/W3085272459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W963760361","https://openalex.org/W2790856699","https://openalex.org/W1545597883","https://openalex.org/W2606779610","https://openalex.org/W2168136726","https://openalex.org/W2161807425","https://openalex.org/W2363778638","https://openalex.org/W71732713","https://openalex.org/W2618864341","https://openalex.org/W2066323414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,151,204],"this":[1,152,188],"paper":[2,189],"we":[3,43,215],"perform":[4],"an":[5,176],"analysis":[6],"of":[7,21,83,128,145,149,156,165,179,210,221,229],"the":[8,26,30,38,45,50,63,67,73,80,84,90,95,100,105,108,112,117,123,129,133,143,146,163,180,184,191,208,218,222,230,234],"conductance":[9,65,136,144,164],"probes":[10],"used":[11,60],"in":[12,29,41,54,77,187,197,227],"two-phase":[13,18],"flow":[14,19],"applications":[15,47],"especially":[16],"for":[17,162],"tomography":[20],"annular":[22],"flow,":[23,39],"to":[24,61,70,88],"measure":[25],"waves":[27],"produced":[28],"interface":[31],"with":[32,79,168,190,200],"different":[33,169,198,219],"boundary":[34,81],"conditions":[35,82],"without":[36],"perturbing":[37],"and":[40,86,107,125,132,171,233],"addition":[42],"examine":[44],"holdup":[46],"as":[48],"measuring":[49],"average":[51,91,113],"void":[52],"fraction":[53],"a":[55,154],"given":[56],"region.":[57],"The":[58],"method":[59],"obtain":[62,89],"detector":[64,96],"between":[66,94,104],"electrodes":[68,110],"is":[69,137,212],"solve":[71],"analytically":[72],"generalized":[74],"Laplace":[75],"equation":[76],"3D":[78],"problem,":[85],"then":[87,138],"potential":[92,114],"difference":[93,115],"electrodes.":[97],"Then,":[98],"dividing":[99,141],"current":[101],"intensity":[102],"circulating":[103],"emitter":[106],"receiver":[109],"by":[111,140,142],"yields":[116],"probe":[118],"conductance,":[119],"which":[120],"depends":[121],"on":[122],"geometric":[124],"physical":[126],"characteristics":[127],"measured":[130],"system":[131],"probe.":[134],"This":[135],"non-dimensionalized":[139],"pipe":[147],"full":[148],"water.":[150],"way":[153],"set":[155],"analytical":[157],"expression":[158],"have":[159,174,216],"been":[160],"obtained":[161,182],"two-plate":[166],"sensors":[167],"geometries":[170],"locations.":[172],"We":[173],"performed":[175],"exhaustive":[177],"comparison":[178],"results":[181],"using":[183],"equations":[185],"deduced":[186],"experimental":[192],"data":[193],"from":[194],"several":[195],"authors":[196],"cases":[199,206],"very":[201],"good":[202],"agreement.":[203],"some":[205],"when":[207],"distribution":[209],"bubbles":[211],"not":[213],"homogeneous,":[214],"explored":[217],"alternatives":[220],"effective":[223],"medium":[224],"theory":[225],"(EMT)":[226],"terms":[228],"self-consistent":[231],"EMT":[232],"non-consistent":[235],"EMT.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}