{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107196068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236876","title":"LoRa Architecture for V2X Communication: An Experimental Evaluation with Vehicles on the Move","display_name":"LoRa Architecture for V2X Communication: An Experimental Evaluation with Vehicles on the Move","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107196068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236876","mag":"3107196068","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33271857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20236876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236876","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6876/pdf?version=1606818283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6876/pdf?version=1606818283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006734293","display_name":"Khandaker Foysal Haque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-6863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khandaker Foysal Haque","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-6863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037514714","display_name":"Ahmed Abdelgawad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-2065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abdelgawad","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040058017","display_name":"Venkata P. Yanambaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-8050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkata Prasanth Yanambaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074738133","display_name":"Kumar Yelamarthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-3909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kumar Yelamarthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-3909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074738133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.6858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90949612,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"23","first_page":"6876","last_page":"6876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.6739547252655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6560600399971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.6373383402824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6191067695617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6073047518730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5447787046432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5328562259674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4531139135360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.45159149169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.428560346364975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.41263970732688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3362065553665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.1766969859600067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16655448079109192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.6739547252655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6560600399971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.6373383402824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6191067695617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6073047518730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5447787046432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5328562259674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4531139135360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.45159149169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.428560346364975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.41263970732688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3362065553665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.1766969859600067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16655448079109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20236876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236876","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6876/pdf?version=1606818283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33271857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33271857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:921577f36f654d17aca504309d9c86cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/921577f36f654d17aca504309d9c86cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 23, p 6876 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/23/6876/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 23; Pages: 6876","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7730391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7730391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20236876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236876","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6876/pdf?version=1606818283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2958343290","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Enriching the Professional Development of School Teachers & Community College Faculty in Rural Michigan - An RET Site on Smart Vehicles","funder_award_id":"1542368","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016301057","https://openalex.org/W2104232612","https://openalex.org/W2148819876","https://openalex.org/W2229656022","https://openalex.org/W2315469453","https://openalex.org/W2328724333","https://openalex.org/W2499400668","https://openalex.org/W2513363787","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2527896363","https://openalex.org/W2555715883","https://openalex.org/W2612074506","https://openalex.org/W2612838605","https://openalex.org/W2738368271","https://openalex.org/W2742840809","https://openalex.org/W2758137515","https://openalex.org/W2765188650","https://openalex.org/W2775246400","https://openalex.org/W2783831213","https://openalex.org/W2784135468","https://openalex.org/W2785631191","https://openalex.org/W2791632344","https://openalex.org/W2794224091","https://openalex.org/W2794415035","https://openalex.org/W2796363983","https://openalex.org/W2798826553","https://openalex.org/W2800928961","https://openalex.org/W2803724764","https://openalex.org/W2809714378","https://openalex.org/W2890964912","https://openalex.org/W2896912660","https://openalex.org/W2901111720","https://openalex.org/W2905282446","https://openalex.org/W2906170984","https://openalex.org/W2908584258","https://openalex.org/W2909535109","https://openalex.org/W2909746114","https://openalex.org/W2913003844","https://openalex.org/W2938147210","https://openalex.org/W2947733620","https://openalex.org/W2963775970","https://openalex.org/W2963891418","https://openalex.org/W2969759134","https://openalex.org/W2972306886","https://openalex.org/W2972636964","https://openalex.org/W2974837870","https://openalex.org/W2979370620","https://openalex.org/W2985658122","https://openalex.org/W2991044590","https://openalex.org/W2997554894","https://openalex.org/W2998411522","https://openalex.org/W3000876565","https://openalex.org/W3001259826","https://openalex.org/W3002950711","https://openalex.org/W3004319564","https://openalex.org/W3006251489","https://openalex.org/W3009832342","https://openalex.org/W3011767857","https://openalex.org/W3013283745","https://openalex.org/W3033238627","https://openalex.org/W3035760069","https://openalex.org/W3038111397","https://openalex.org/W3041194909","https://openalex.org/W3042228906","https://openalex.org/W3048172719","https://openalex.org/W3081157336","https://openalex.org/W3083122457","https://openalex.org/W3088686526","https://openalex.org/W3094174145","https://openalex.org/W3125665579","https://openalex.org/W3125949264","https://openalex.org/W3143519386","https://openalex.org/W4232723810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W1969901537","https://openalex.org/W1574986946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58,94,170],"industrial":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,15,24,33,62,174,177,182],"the":[4,13,21,27,34,71,104,118,121,126,149,202],"last":[5],"few":[6],"decades":[7],"has":[8,30],"prompted":[9],"an":[10],"increase":[11],"in":[12],"number":[14,23],"vehicles":[16,25,160],"by":[17,106],"multiple":[18],"folds.":[19],"With":[20],"increased":[22],"on":[26,67],"road,":[28],"safety":[29],"become":[31],"one":[32,190],"primary":[35],"concerns.":[36],"Inter":[37],"vehicular":[38],"communication,":[39,114],"specially":[40],"Vehicle":[41],"to":[42,102],"Everything":[43],"(V2X)":[44],"communication":[45,64,68,86,100],"can":[46,152],"address":[47],"these":[48],"pressing":[49],"issues":[50],"including":[51],"autonomous":[52,56],"traffic":[53],"systems":[54,139],"and":[55,60,70,83,111,131,146,158,179,196],"driving.":[57],"reliability":[59],"effectiveness":[61],"V2X":[63,85],"greatly":[65],"depends":[66],"architecture":[69,87,128],"associated":[72],"wireless":[73,92],"technology.":[74,93],"Addressing":[75],"this":[76],"challenge,":[77],"a":[78,98,187],"device-to-device":[79],"(D2D)-based":[80],"reliable,":[81],"robust,":[82],"energy-efficient":[84],"is":[88],"proposed":[89,95,127,150],"with":[90,155,209],"LoRa":[91,122],"system":[96,151],"takes":[97],"D2D":[99],"approach":[101],"reduce":[103],"latency":[105],"offering":[107],"direct":[108],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[109],"(V2V)":[110],"vehicle-to-infrastructure":[112],"(V2I)":[113],"rather":[115],"than":[116],"routing":[117],"data":[119,171,191,204],"via":[120],"WAN":[123],"server.":[124],"Additionally,":[125],"offers":[129],"modularity":[130],"compact":[132],"design,":[133],"making":[134],"it":[135,200],"ideal":[136],"for":[137],"legacy":[138],"without":[140],"requiring":[141],"any":[142],"additional":[143],"hardware.":[144],"Testing":[145],"analysis":[147],"suggest":[148],"communicate":[153],"reliably":[154],"roadside":[156],"infrastructures":[157],"other":[159],"at":[161,197],"speeds":[162],"ranging":[163],"from":[164],"15-50":[165],"km":[166],"per":[167],"hour":[168],"(kmph).":[169],"packet":[172,192,205],"consists":[173],"12":[175],"bytes":[176,181],"metadata":[178],"28":[180],"payload.":[183],"At":[184],"15":[185],"kmph,":[186,199],"vehicle":[188],"sends":[189,201],"every":[193,206],"25.9":[194],"m,":[195],"50":[198],"same":[203],"53.34":[207],"m":[208],"reliable":[210],"transitions.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
