{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107145109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236865","title":"Design, Implementation, and Empirical Validation of an IoT Smart Irrigation System for Fog Computing Applications Based on LoRa and LoRaWAN Sensor Nodes","display_name":"Design, Implementation, and Empirical Validation of an IoT Smart Irrigation System for Fog Computing Applications Based on LoRa and LoRaWAN Sensor Nodes","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107145109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236865","mag":"3107145109","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20236865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236865","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6865/pdf?version=1606816583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6865/pdf?version=1606816583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020925290","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Froiz-M\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-8842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iv\u00e1n Froiz-M\u00edguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047217325","display_name":"Peio L\u00f3pez-Iturri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-1928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peio Lopez-Iturri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090443440","display_name":"Paula Fraga\u2010Lamas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4991-6808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paula Fraga-Lamas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081970271","display_name":"Mikel Celaya-Echarri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-8224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikel Celaya-Echarri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038858572","display_name":"\u00d3scar Blanco-Novoa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-1088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d3scar Blanco-Novoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006454367","display_name":"Leyre Azpilicueta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3821-0105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyre Azpilicueta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087170169","display_name":"Francisco Falcone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-9753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Falcone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081216987","display_name":"Tiago M. Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Caram\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-5917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiago M. Fern\u00e1ndez-Caram\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081216987","https://openalex.org/A5090443440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.2892,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96427398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"23","first_page":"6865","last_page":"6865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7923324108123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.7190403938293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.6802767515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5977970361709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5755658745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.525104820728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44604814052581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.43487632274627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.42271897196769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3858455419540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36256489157676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.3431282639503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23546478152275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.2205415964126587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7923324108123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.7190403938293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.6802767515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5977970361709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5755658745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.525104820728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44604814052581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.43487632274627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.42271897196769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3858455419540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36256489157676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.3431282639503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23546478152275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2205415964126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20236865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236865","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6865/pdf?version=1606816583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33266243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/40001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2454/40001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402560","display_name":"Academica-e (Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","host_organization_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c21f0abcd68c43fbb45403639c496f5f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c21f0abcd68c43fbb45403639c496f5f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 23, p 6865 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/23/6865/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 23; Pages: 6865","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7730861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7730861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruc.udc.es:2183/37262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2183/37262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402204","display_name":"RUC (Universidade Da Coru\u00f1a)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20236865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236865","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6865/pdf?version=1606816583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1165432605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431C 2020/15, ED431G490 2019/01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1496055848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1643641974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1933851018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G 2019/01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G230230324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G272322064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G 20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3694284866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3711279360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RED2018-102668-T","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3834276745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-104958RB-C42","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3876637791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3877986904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431C 2020/15","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G453067482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4816244515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5213247911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2016-75067-C4-1-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5634946813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6199435811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6236080961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RED2018-102668-T","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6298273575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7224627388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G726424357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G 2019/01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8002047785","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2016-75067-C4-1-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G801766868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G 2019/0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8427604253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-104958RB-C42","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684520763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","display_name":"Xunta de Galicia","ror":"https://ror.org/0181xnw06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107145109.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107145109.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84682690","https://openalex.org/W134803604","https://openalex.org/W1985452699","https://openalex.org/W2013173346","https://openalex.org/W2031492372","https://openalex.org/W2060954650","https://openalex.org/W2083029259","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2147016173","https://openalex.org/W2148276724","https://openalex.org/W2156433148","https://openalex.org/W2170195314","https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2518633978","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2560282846","https://openalex.org/W2592904692","https://openalex.org/W2625973858","https://openalex.org/W2626040877","https://openalex.org/W2626074815","https://openalex.org/W2768817673","https://openalex.org/W2785590762","https://openalex.org/W2785889735","https://openalex.org/W2786765163","https://openalex.org/W2787818507","https://openalex.org/W2803491315","https://openalex.org/W2805833065","https://openalex.org/W2886343345","https://openalex.org/W2896671856","https://openalex.org/W2898307917","https://openalex.org/W2901111720","https://openalex.org/W2903076712","https://openalex.org/W2905458477","https://openalex.org/W2906575549","https://openalex.org/W2929921254","https://openalex.org/W2934330215","https://openalex.org/W2963470640","https://openalex.org/W2963623361","https://openalex.org/W2964535757","https://openalex.org/W2976728138","https://openalex.org/W2976744022","https://openalex.org/W2981047000","https://openalex.org/W2989982148","https://openalex.org/W2995655016","https://openalex.org/W2998082633","https://openalex.org/W2999510634","https://openalex.org/W3001373910","https://openalex.org/W3005074312","https://openalex.org/W3005532269","https://openalex.org/W3005771133","https://openalex.org/W3006112601","https://openalex.org/W3006230761","https://openalex.org/W3017037536","https://openalex.org/W3017307706","https://openalex.org/W3089623836","https://openalex.org/W3094012867","https://openalex.org/W3095332521","https://openalex.org/W6684634786","https://openalex.org/W6773558247","https://openalex.org/W6773570275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2993037392","https://openalex.org/W3172118396","https://openalex.org/W2886717440","https://openalex.org/W2902299988","https://openalex.org/W3126100851","https://openalex.org/W3003171010","https://openalex.org/W4367852235","https://openalex.org/W3211031925","https://openalex.org/W2761151461","https://openalex.org/W2979151211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Climate":[0],"change":[1],"is":[2,132,277,298],"driving":[3],"new":[4],"solutions":[5,12],"to":[6,43,70,76,134,139,152,254,300],"manage":[7],"water":[8,102,286,309],"more":[9],"efficiently.":[10],"Such":[11],"involve":[13],"the":[14,34,44,62,77,124,154,166,215,219,223,235,255,261,269,273,280,288,293,305,328,337,342,346],"development":[15,63],"of":[16,22,46,64,79,109,126,168,225,238,304,307,345,350],"smart":[17,66,295,323],"irrigation":[18,67,296,324],"systems":[19],"where":[20],"Internet":[21],"Things":[23],"(IoT)":[24],"nodes":[25,85,92],"are":[26,248],"deployed":[27],"throughout":[28],"large":[29,72],"areas.":[30],"In":[31,182],"addition,":[32],"in":[33,157,234,268,348],"mentioned":[35],"areas,":[36,179],"wireless":[37],"communications":[38],"can":[39],"be":[40],"difficult":[41],"due":[42,253],"presence":[45],"obstacles":[47],"and":[48,89,96,100,129,138,187,204,228,240,260,266,326,341,353],"metallic":[49],"objects":[50],"that":[51,199,292],"block":[52],"electromagnetic":[53,236],"wave":[54],"propagation":[55,237,264],"totally":[56],"or":[57,113,180],"partially.":[58],"This":[59],"article":[60,144],"details":[61,164],"a":[65,121,169,184,196,205],"system":[68,297],"able":[69,299],"cover":[71],"urban":[73],"areas":[74],"thanks":[75],"use":[78,108],"Low-Power":[80],"Wide-Area":[81],"Network":[82],"(LPWAN)":[83],"sensor":[84,338],"based":[86,207],"on":[87,116,165,208],"LoRa":[88,209],"LoRaWAN.":[90],"IoT":[91,127],"collect":[93],"soil":[94],"temperature/moisture":[95],"air":[97],"temperature":[98],"data,":[99],"control":[101],"supply":[103],"autonomously,":[104],"either":[105],"by":[106,114,311],"making":[107],"fog":[110],"computing":[111],"gateways":[112],"relying":[115],"remote":[117],"commands":[118],"sent":[119],"from":[120],"cloud.":[122],"Since":[123],"selection":[125],"node":[128],"gateway":[130,271],"locations":[131,156],"essential":[133],"have":[135],"good":[136],"connectivity":[137],"reduce":[140,301],"energy":[141,354],"consumption,":[142,287],"this":[143,161],"uses":[145],"an":[146],"in-house":[147],"3D-ray":[148],"launching":[149],"radio-planning":[150],"tool":[151,331],"determine":[153],"best":[155],"real":[158],"scenarios.":[159],"Specifically,":[160],"paper":[162],"provides":[163],"modeling":[167],"university":[170],"campus,":[171],"which":[172,333],"includes":[173],"elements":[174],"like":[175],"buildings,":[176],"roads,":[177],"green":[178],"vehicles.":[181],"such":[183],"scenario,":[185],"simulations":[186],"empirical":[188],"measurements":[189,216],"were":[190],"performed":[191],"for":[192,250,321,335],"two":[193],"different":[194],"testbeds:":[195],"LoRaWAN":[197,242],"testbed":[198,206],"operates":[200],"at":[201],"868":[202],"MHz":[203,212,252],"with":[210,218],"433":[211,251],"transceivers.":[213],"All":[214],"agree":[217],"simulation":[220],"results,":[221],"showing":[222],"impact":[224],"shadowing":[226],"effects":[227],"material":[229],"features":[230],"(e.g.,":[231],"permittivity,":[232],"conductivity)":[233],"near-ground":[239],"underground":[241],"communications.":[243],"Higher":[244],"RF":[245],"power":[246,258,275],"levels":[247],"observed":[249],"higher":[256,278],"transmitted":[257],"level":[259,276],"lower":[262],"radio":[263,329],"losses,":[265],"even":[267],"worst":[270],"location,":[272],"received":[274],"than":[279],"sensitivity":[281],"threshold":[282],"(-148":[283],"dBm).":[284],"Regarding":[285],"provided":[289],"estimations":[290],"indicate":[291],"proposed":[294],"roughly":[302],"23%":[303],"amount":[306],"used":[308],"just":[310],"considering":[312],"weather":[313],"forecasts.":[314],"The":[315],"obtained":[316],"results":[317],"provide":[318],"useful":[319],"guidelines":[320],"future":[322],"developers":[325],"show":[327],"planning":[330],"accuracy,":[332],"allows":[334],"optimizing":[336],"network":[339,347],"topology":[340],"overall":[343],"performance":[344],"terms":[349],"coverage,":[351],"cost,":[352],"consumption.":[355]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}