{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109475692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236769","title":"Development of an IoT Structural Monitoring System Applied to a Hypogeal Site","display_name":"Development of an IoT Structural Monitoring System Applied to a Hypogeal Site","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109475692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236769","mag":"3109475692","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33256201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20236769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236769","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6769/pdf?version=1606463413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6769/pdf?version=1606463413","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083411180","display_name":"Alessio De Angelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-4272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessio De Angelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063612109","display_name":"Francesco Santoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4964-8556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Santoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090244413","display_name":"Paolo Carbone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-1287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Carbone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-1287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070891639","display_name":"Manuela Cecconi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3353-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuela Cecconi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3353-8248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010382073","display_name":"Alessia Vecchietti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessia Vecchietti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040988029","display_name":"Francesco Di Lorenzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-229X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Di Lorenzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polo Museale dell\u2019Umbria, 06121 Perugia, Italy","Polo Museale dell'Umbria, 06121 Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polo Museale dell\u2019Umbria, 06121 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polo Museale dell'Umbria, 06121 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083411180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.1625,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76047641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"23","first_page":"6769","last_page":"6769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.8207881450653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6393257975578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6341491341590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-node","display_name":"Sensor node","score":0.6102014780044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.5911067724227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5464795827865601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4961448609828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4950093626976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.49005210399627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45715755224227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4144870638847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.40584513545036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3771543800830841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3523408770561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.2574821710586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.20745030045509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18153327703475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15304115414619446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.8207881450653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6393257975578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6341491341590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.6102014780044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.5911067724227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5464795827865601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4961448609828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4950093626976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.49005210399627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45715755224227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4144870638847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.40584513545036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3771543800830841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3523408770561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.2574821710586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.20745030045509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18153327703475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15304115414619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20236769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236769","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6769/pdf?version=1606463413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33256201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33256201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:15135e52ef4943d5bc9659bc2761545c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/15135e52ef4943d5bc9659bc2761545c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 23, p 6769 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/23/6769/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 23; Pages: 6769","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7730998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7730998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20236769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236769","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/23/6769/pdf?version=1606463413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5632732874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018.0421.021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322672","funder_display_name":"Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322672","display_name":"Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00agy5a68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109475692.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109475692.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011023125","https://openalex.org/W2020737706","https://openalex.org/W2033209590","https://openalex.org/W2094641270","https://openalex.org/W2095401197","https://openalex.org/W2118216551","https://openalex.org/W2128160875","https://openalex.org/W2346186281","https://openalex.org/W2565763590","https://openalex.org/W2587696068","https://openalex.org/W2614235334","https://openalex.org/W2754185268","https://openalex.org/W2885351006","https://openalex.org/W2924639166","https://openalex.org/W2947683361","https://openalex.org/W2950414052","https://openalex.org/W2951259420","https://openalex.org/W2998291770","https://openalex.org/W3034358437","https://openalex.org/W3035681750","https://openalex.org/W3089112556","https://openalex.org/W4288090006","https://openalex.org/W4298001729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765080098","https://openalex.org/W2385749422","https://openalex.org/W2355290145","https://openalex.org/W2353465659","https://openalex.org/W2009888974","https://openalex.org/W2355539379","https://openalex.org/W2056341223","https://openalex.org/W3023105672","https://openalex.org/W4231410700","https://openalex.org/W1994584605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,26],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,21,49,83,102,108,111,126,133,139,148,153,157],"development":[4],"of":[5,17,23,30,48,82,107,110,159],"a":[6,24,35,57,61,71,78,97,115],"distributed":[7],"sensing":[8],"system":[9,28,113],"that":[10,125],"can":[11],"be":[12,144],"disseminated":[13],"in":[14,117],"an":[15,118],"environment":[16],"interest":[18],"to":[19,96,114,146,152],"monitor":[20,132],"vibration":[22,134],"structure.":[25],"low-cost":[27],"consists":[29],"several":[31,136],"sensor":[32,50,84,128],"nodes":[33,40,51],"and":[34,54,77,104],"central":[36],"receiving":[37],"node.":[38],"All":[39],"are":[41],"built":[42],"using":[43],"off-the-shelf":[44],"electronic":[45],"components.":[46],"Each":[47],"is":[52,86,94,121],"battery-powered":[53],"equipped":[55],"with":[56],"triaxial":[58],"MEMS":[59],"accelerometer,":[60],"wireless":[62],"Long":[63],"Range":[64],"(LoRa)":[65],"transceiver":[66],"module":[67,73],"for":[68,75,156],"data":[69],"transmission,":[70],"GPS":[72],"used":[74],"synchronization,":[76],"microcontroller.":[79],"The":[80],"operation":[81],"node":[85,129],"validated":[87],"by":[88],"controlled":[89],"laboratory":[90],"tests":[91],"where":[92],"it":[93,142],"compared":[95],"commercial":[98],"reference":[99],"accelerometer.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"feasibility":[103],"potential":[105],"benefits":[106],"application":[109],"proposed":[112,127],"structure":[116],"archaeological":[119],"site":[120],"investigated.":[122],"Results":[123],"show":[124],"could":[130],"successfully":[131],"at":[135],"locations":[137],"within":[138],"site.":[140],"Therefore,":[141],"may":[143],"employed":[145],"detect":[147],"most":[149],"relevant":[150],"stresses":[151],"structure,":[154],"allowing":[155],"identification":[158],"risks.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}