{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106981430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226684","title":"Imaging Tremor Quantification for Neurological Disease Diagnosis","display_name":"Imaging Tremor Quantification for Neurological Disease Diagnosis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106981430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226684","mag":"3106981430","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226684","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6684/pdf?version=1606043782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6684/pdf?version=1606043782","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103155804","display_name":"Yuichi Mitsui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3740-145X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574687","display_name":"University of Miyazaki","ror":"https://ror.org/0447kww10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574687"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuichi Mitsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058861287","display_name":"Thi Thi Zin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574687","display_name":"University of Miyazaki","ror":"https://ror.org/0447kww10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574687"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thi Thi Zin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3435-2197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051231454","display_name":"Nobuyuki Ishii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-4151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574687","display_name":"University of Miyazaki","ror":"https://ror.org/0447kww10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574687"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuyuki Ishii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-4151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087682193","display_name":"Hitoshi Mochizuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-7569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574687","display_name":"University of Miyazaki","ror":"https://ror.org/0447kww10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574687"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitoshi Mochizuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-7569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058861287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574687"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.2511,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5964568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"22","first_page":"6684","last_page":"6684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10949","display_name":"Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-tremor","display_name":"Essential tremor","score":0.7156158089637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6755445599555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6373233795166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.59025639295578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5503371357917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5183654427528381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.46673285961151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4412391483783722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4265788793563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4068760275840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.285584419965744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18283423781394958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780112193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693519","display_name":"Essential tremor","level":2,"score":0.7156158089637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6755445599555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6373233795166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.59025639295578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5503371357917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5183654427528381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.46673285961151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4412391483783722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4265788793563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4068760275840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.285584419965744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18283423781394958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014202","descriptor_name":"Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020329","descriptor_name":"Essential Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020329","descriptor_name":"Essential Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020329","descriptor_name":"Essential Tremor","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226684","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6684/pdf?version=1606043782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33266481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a43cdfa4e918459c92e8866192681b31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a43cdfa4e918459c92e8866192681b31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 22, p 6684 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/22/6684/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 22; Pages: 6684","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7700663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7700663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226684","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6684/pdf?version=1606043782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5930212555","display_name":"International comparative study on Neuropathy of chronic arsenic poisoning due to High to Medium / Low concentration arsenic exposure","funder_award_id":"18K10052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7253427660","display_name":"Quantification of Neurological Examination with Smartphone","funder_award_id":"19K20715","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106981430.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106981430.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547095532","https://openalex.org/W1974508952","https://openalex.org/W2020738217","https://openalex.org/W2043779988","https://openalex.org/W2044269257","https://openalex.org/W2060961286","https://openalex.org/W2099663092","https://openalex.org/W2106749278","https://openalex.org/W2117257456","https://openalex.org/W2176316746","https://openalex.org/W2552620869","https://openalex.org/W2586994907","https://openalex.org/W2778607127","https://openalex.org/W2789306968","https://openalex.org/W2791992057","https://openalex.org/W2803789894","https://openalex.org/W2805014065","https://openalex.org/W2900244060","https://openalex.org/W2917486187","https://openalex.org/W2939097642","https://openalex.org/W2983542552","https://openalex.org/W3005128652","https://openalex.org/W3010256375","https://openalex.org/W3012731912","https://openalex.org/W3049297382","https://openalex.org/W3081365626","https://openalex.org/W3086835191","https://openalex.org/W4240121121","https://openalex.org/W6685720663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3141415727","https://openalex.org/W4295787602","https://openalex.org/W4241673341","https://openalex.org/W2580364653","https://openalex.org/W1977357939","https://openalex.org/W2413701534","https://openalex.org/W279230377","https://openalex.org/W4225005357","https://openalex.org/W2955860943","https://openalex.org/W4280557264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,80,120],"this":[1,81],"paper,":[2,82],"we":[3,83,122],"introduce":[4],"a":[5,30,40,71,75,85,170],"simple":[6],"method":[7,168],"based":[8],"on":[9,53,124],"image":[10,150],"analysis":[11],"and":[12,23,36,56,91,97,127,144,208],"deep":[13],"learning":[14,93,167],"that":[15,33],"can":[16],"be":[17,195],"used":[18,109,175,196],"in":[19,39,157],"the":[20,100,112,118,132,184,199],"objective":[21],"assessment":[22],"measurement":[24],"of":[25,50,99,117,136,162,201],"tremors.":[26,79,104],"A":[27,165],"tremor":[28,113,126,207],"is":[29,61,66,174],"neurological":[31],"disorder":[32],"causes":[34],"involuntary":[35],"rhythmic":[37],"movements":[38],"human":[41],"body":[42],"part":[43],"or":[44],"parts.":[45],"There":[46],"are":[47,108,147],"many":[48],"types":[49],"tremors,":[51],"depending":[52],"their":[54],"amplitude":[55],"frequency":[57],"type.":[58],"Appropriate":[59],"treatment":[60],"only":[62],"possible":[63],"when":[64],"there":[65],"an":[67,178],"accurate":[68],"diagnosis.":[69],"Thus,":[70],"need":[72],"exists":[73],"for":[74,95,114,188],"technique":[76],"to":[77,110,159,176,197],"analyze":[78],"propose":[84],"hybrid":[86],"approach":[87],"using":[88,149,169],"imaging":[89],"technology":[90],"machine":[92,166,173],"techniques":[94],"quantification":[96],"extraction":[98],"parameters":[101,107],"associated":[102],"with":[103,205,210],"These":[105],"extracted":[106],"classify":[111],"subsequent":[115],"identification":[116],"disease.":[119],"particular,":[121],"focus":[123],"essential":[125,206],"cerebellar":[128,211],"disorders":[129],"by":[130],"monitoring":[131],"finger-nose-finger":[133],"test.":[134],"First":[135],"all,":[137],"test":[138],"results":[139,182],"obtained":[140],"from":[141],"both":[142],"patients":[143,204,209],"healthy":[145,202],"individuals":[146],"analyzed":[148],"processing":[151],"techniques.":[152],"Next,":[153],"data":[154],"were":[155],"grouped":[156],"order":[158],"determine":[160],"classes":[161],"typical":[163],"responses.":[164],"support":[171],"vector":[172],"perform":[177],"unsupervised":[179],"clustering.":[180],"Experimental":[181],"showed":[183],"highest":[185],"internal":[186],"evaluation":[187],"distribution":[189],"into":[190],"three":[191],"clusters,":[192],"which":[193],"could":[194],"differentiate":[198],"responses":[200],"subjects,":[203],"disorders.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
