{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3098234056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226664","title":"An Infrastructure-Free Magnetic-Based Indoor Positioning System with Deep Learning","display_name":"An Infrastructure-Free Magnetic-Based Indoor Positioning System with Deep Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3098234056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226664","mag":"3098234056","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226664","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6664/pdf?version=1606056766","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6664/pdf?version=1606056766","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021282797","display_name":"Let\u00edcia Fernandes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1624-7716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Let\u00edcia Fernandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1624-7716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sara Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-3648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-3648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061814910","display_name":"Mar\u00edlia Barandas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-4809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00edlia Barandas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-4809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080903555","display_name":"Duarte Folgado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8481-6079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duarte Folgado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8481-6079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037650964","display_name":"Ricardo Leonardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2695-4462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Leonardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2695-4462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102001231","display_name":"Ricardo Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-2476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-2476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084185357","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 V. Carreiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-5336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Carreiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-5336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038205194","display_name":"Hugo Gamb\u00f4a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Gamboa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021282797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.0403,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77069678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"22","first_page":"6664","last_page":"6664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5792918801307678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.440815269947052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4204559922218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3349264860153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25411778688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13306421041488647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5792918801307678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.440815269947052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4204559922218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3349264860153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25411778688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13306421041488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226664","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6664/pdf?version=1606056766","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33233815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/108222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/108222","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/108222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182101","display_name":"Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses/Journal of Anglo-Portuguese Studies","issn_l":"0871-682X","issn":["0871-682X","2184-0687"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-639745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-639745.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer AICOS","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/22/6664/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 22; Pages: 6664","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/269533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/269533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7699907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7699907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226664","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6664/pdf?version=1606056766","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1167214205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G274581676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4070304056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0247-FEDER-033479","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4455079242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3098234056.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3098234056.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2085540236","https://openalex.org/W2097749765","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2507151029","https://openalex.org/W2553223022","https://openalex.org/W2560705922","https://openalex.org/W2602677875","https://openalex.org/W2607595839","https://openalex.org/W2768447767","https://openalex.org/W2779673798","https://openalex.org/W2790814975","https://openalex.org/W2794105321","https://openalex.org/W2803361295","https://openalex.org/W2811258534","https://openalex.org/W2908735595","https://openalex.org/W2918105197","https://openalex.org/W2952114569","https://openalex.org/W2956936418","https://openalex.org/W3015310491","https://openalex.org/W3023975320","https://openalex.org/W3030402745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrastructure-free":[0],"Indoor":[1],"Positioning":[2],"Systems":[3],"(IPS)":[4],"are":[5,150],"becoming":[6],"popular":[7],"due":[8,33],"to":[9,34,100,119,173],"their":[10,27],"scalability":[11],"and":[12,95,177],"a":[13,78,90,102,106,110,134,139,157],"wide":[14],"range":[15],"of":[16,44,56,66,80,109,130,142,179],"applications.":[17],"Such":[18],"systems":[19],"often":[20],"rely":[21],"on":[22,156],"deployed":[23],"Wi-Fi":[24,57],"networks.":[25,58],"However,":[26],"usability":[28],"may":[29],"be":[30,166],"compromised,":[31],"either":[32],"scanning":[35],"restrictions":[36],"from":[37],"recent":[38],"Android":[39],"versions":[40],"or":[41],"the":[42,49,64,121,128,162,175],"proliferation":[43],"5G":[45],"technology.":[46],"This":[47],"raises":[48],"need":[50],"for":[51,70,152],"new":[52],"infrastructure-free":[53],"IPS":[54,154],"independent":[55],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"use":[65],"magnetic":[67,91,163],"field":[68,164],"data":[69],"IPS,":[71],"through":[72],"Deep":[73],"Neural":[74],"Networks":[75],"(DNN).":[76],"Firstly,":[77],"dataset":[79],"human":[81],"indoor":[82],"trajectories":[83],"was":[84,93],"collected":[85],"with":[86],"different":[87],"smartphones.":[88],"Afterwards,":[89],"fingerprint":[92],"constructed":[94],"relevant":[96],"features":[97],"were":[98,117],"extracted":[99],"train":[101],"DNN":[103],"that":[104,147],"returns":[105],"probability":[107],"map":[108],"user's":[111],"location.":[112],"Finally,":[113],"two":[114],"postprocessing":[115],"methods":[116],"applied":[118],"obtain":[120],"most":[122],"probable":[123],"location":[124],"regions.":[125],"We":[126,145],"asserted":[127],"performance":[129],"our":[131],"solution":[132],"against":[133],"test":[135],"dataset,":[136],"which":[137],"produced":[138],"Success":[140],"Rate":[141],"around":[143],"80%.":[144],"believe":[146],"these":[148],"results":[149],"competitive":[151],"an":[153,169],"based":[155],"single":[158],"sensing":[159],"source.":[160],"Moreover,":[161],"can":[165],"used":[167],"as":[168],"additional":[170],"information":[171],"layer":[172],"increase":[174],"robustness":[176],"redundancy":[178],"current":[180],"multi-source":[181],"IPS.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-15T08:27:34.491423","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}