{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3099147696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226607","title":"A Piezoelectric Tactile Sensor for Tissue Stiffness Detection with Arbitrary Contact Angle","display_name":"A Piezoelectric Tactile Sensor for Tissue Stiffness Detection with Arbitrary Contact Angle","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3099147696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226607","mag":"3099147696","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33218118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226607","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6607/pdf?version=1605778650","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6607/pdf?version=1605778650","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101997395","display_name":"Yingxuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-3838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingxuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011526530","display_name":"Feng Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9261-1372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9261-1372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081078025","display_name":"Xiaoyong Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-223X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411870","display_name":"Dan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-8030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063342415","display_name":"Yaoyao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-378X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011526530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.031,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72941942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"22","first_page":"6607","last_page":"6607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.8243803977966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tactile-sensor","display_name":"Tactile sensor","score":0.7259373068809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5005218982696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-force","display_name":"Contact force","score":0.49272778630256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45189666748046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectric-sensor","display_name":"Piezoelectric sensor","score":0.4482005536556244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.425173282623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.41783323884010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4102116525173187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.4003390371799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.37533053755760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32254910469055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32141590118408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3122270405292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.22730481624603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1093524694442749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.8243803977966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46722567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7674139","display_name":"Tactile sensor","level":3,"score":0.7259373068809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5005218982696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81302111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916417","display_name":"Contact force","level":2,"score":0.49272778630256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45189666748046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173677008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2094637","display_name":"Piezoelectric sensor","level":3,"score":0.4482005536556244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.425173282623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41783323884010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4102116525173187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.4003390371799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.37533053755760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32254910469055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32141590118408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3122270405292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.22730481624603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1093524694442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013525","descriptor_name":"Surgical Instruments","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013525","descriptor_name":"Surgical Instruments","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013525","descriptor_name":"Surgical Instruments","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226607","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6607/pdf?version=1605778650","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33218118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33218118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/22/6607/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 22; Pages: 6607","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7698970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7698970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226607","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6607/pdf?version=1605778650","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2599709322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20170789","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G316467208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20191272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3757712619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20170789","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6140785169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51705243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7092685756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51705243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8131686569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8321180362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":". 51705243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3099147696.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3099147696.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995526310","https://openalex.org/W2036754385","https://openalex.org/W2055440662","https://openalex.org/W2097381457","https://openalex.org/W2110676196","https://openalex.org/W2262016531","https://openalex.org/W2338894781","https://openalex.org/W2476557706","https://openalex.org/W2514103357","https://openalex.org/W2567653866","https://openalex.org/W2743100880","https://openalex.org/W2772101127","https://openalex.org/W2792205836","https://openalex.org/W2955507461","https://openalex.org/W2969874004","https://openalex.org/W2985073225","https://openalex.org/W2998106518","https://openalex.org/W2998475224","https://openalex.org/W3002123865","https://openalex.org/W3023387549","https://openalex.org/W3046871043","https://openalex.org/W6659584192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056122069","https://openalex.org/W2068961688","https://openalex.org/W4281676937","https://openalex.org/W2362248709","https://openalex.org/W2036762417","https://openalex.org/W1960616769","https://openalex.org/W2381455125","https://openalex.org/W2487217422","https://openalex.org/W2020488292","https://openalex.org/W2377696596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,40,106],"piezoelectric":[4],"tactile":[5],"sensor":[6,111,124,134,216],"for":[7],"detecting":[8],"tissue":[9,33,91],"stiffness":[10,23,85,121,145,223],"in":[11,59,160,195,232],"robot-assisted":[12],"minimally":[13],"invasive":[14],"surgery":[15],"(RMIS)":[16],"is":[17,29,39,75,135,165,171,180,200,206],"proposed.":[18],"It":[19,49,113],"can":[20,56,80,212,217],"detect":[21,58],"the":[22,27,32,44,51,60,67,94,115,133,162,168,184,197,203,214,233],"not":[24],"only":[25,57],"when":[26,37,66,93,167,202],"probe":[28,45],"normal":[30,47,61,90,149],"to":[31,63],"surface,":[34],"but":[35],"also":[36],"there":[38],"contact":[41,95,118,169,204],"angle":[42,96,119,170,205],"between":[43],"and":[46,86,110,127,139,148,191],"direction.":[48],"solves":[50],"problem":[52],"that":[53],"existing":[54],"sensors":[55],"direction":[62],"ensure":[64],"accuracy":[65,226],"degree":[68],"of":[69,72,117,132],"freedom":[70],"(DOF)":[71],"surgical":[73],"instruments":[74],"limited.":[76],"The":[77,129],"proposed":[78,215],"senor":[79],"distinguish":[81],"samples":[82,142,150,220],"with":[83,143,151,221,224],"different":[84,144,222],"recognize":[87,219],"lump":[88,147],"from":[89],"effectively":[92],"varies":[97],"within":[98,174,177,209],"[0\u00b0,":[99],"45\u00b0].":[100],"These":[101],"are":[102,154],"achieved":[103],"by":[104,123,137],"establishing":[105],"new":[107],"detection":[108,122,130],"model":[109],"optimization.":[112,128],"deduces":[114],"influence":[116],"on":[120],"parameters":[125],"design":[126],"performance":[131],"confirmed":[136],"simulation":[138],"experiment.":[140],"Five":[141],"(including":[146],"close":[152],"stiffness)":[153],"used.":[155],"Through":[156,187],"blind":[157,188],"recognition":[158,163],"test":[159,190],"simulation,":[161],"rate":[164,199],"100%":[166],"randomly":[172,207],"selected":[173,208],"30\u00b0,":[175],"94.1%":[176],"45\u00b0,":[178],"which":[179,227],"38.7%":[181],"higher":[182],"than":[183],"unoptimized":[185],"sensor.":[186],"classification":[189],"automatic":[192],"k-means":[193],"clustering":[194],"experiment,":[196],"correct":[198],"92%":[201],"45\u00b0.":[210],"We":[211],"get":[213],"easily":[218],"high":[225],"has":[228],"broad":[229],"application":[230],"prospects":[231],"medical":[234],"field.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
