{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3104671908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226549","title":"Effective Fundus Image Decomposition for the Detection of Red Lesions and Hard Exudates to Aid in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy","display_name":"Effective Fundus Image Decomposition for the Detection of Red Lesions and Hard Exudates to Aid in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3104671908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226549","mag":"3104671908","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33207825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6549/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6549/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063621195","display_name":"Roberto Romero-Ora\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-4754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Romero-Ora\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-4754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077667648","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-0351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035348033","display_name":"Javier Ora\u00e1-P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-0264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Ora\u00e1-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059341650","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Isabel L\u00f3pez G\u00e1lvez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157802","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/04fffmj41","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157802"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda I. L\u00f3pez-G\u00e1lvez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain","Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain","Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiolog\u00eda Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiolog\u00eda Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043513390","display_name":"Roberto Hornero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-2570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Hornero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain","Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Matem\u00e1ticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-2570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Matem\u00e1ticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063621195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353","https://openalex.org/I4210105141"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.2919,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83594729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"22","first_page":"6549","last_page":"6549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.809207558631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.6423640847206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus-camera","display_name":"Fundus camera","score":0.5812599062919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5720642805099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5416515469551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5258374810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.4902937710285187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48944202065467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.45262452960014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion","display_name":"Lesion","score":0.4322466254234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.4023143947124481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.37213122844696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36241966485977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.3620017170906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.3094629645347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.20834404230117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.14416766166687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmoscopy","display_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","score":0.09063190221786499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.809207558631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.6423640847206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908868075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144413","display_name":"Fundus camera","level":4,"score":0.5812599062919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5720642805099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5416515469551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5258374810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.4902937710285187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48944202065467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.45262452960014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.4322466254234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4023143947124481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37213122844696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36241966485977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.3620017170906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.3094629645347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.20834404230117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.14416766166687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837188","display_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","level":3,"score":0.09063190221786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6549/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33207825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33207825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16a72efc6a1c4d6ab67db11fef4def8f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16a72efc6a1c4d6ab67db11fef4def8f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 22, p 6549 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/22/6549/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 22; Pages: 6549","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7698181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7698181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6549/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1948881050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0378_AD_EEGWA_2_P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2707453944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EDU/1100/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","funder_display_name":"European Social Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2955727224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DPI2017-84280-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3621886763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PGC2018-098214-A-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6357731349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DPI2017-84280-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6731467812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PGC2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G708341148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EDU/1100/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328351","funder_display_name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7584575693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PGC2018-098214-A-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8063416118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PGC2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8630314744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0378_AD_EEGWA_2_P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G995784007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CB19/01/00012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323089","funder_display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323089","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328351","display_name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8dab97"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3104671908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3104671908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1091878006","https://openalex.org/W1500191525","https://openalex.org/W1508603936","https://openalex.org/W1980375532","https://openalex.org/W1982761740","https://openalex.org/W2001457150","https://openalex.org/W2004426356","https://openalex.org/W2016194585","https://openalex.org/W2022318152","https://openalex.org/W2027416947","https://openalex.org/W2034598891","https://openalex.org/W2037760632","https://openalex.org/W2059036143","https://openalex.org/W2073244572","https://openalex.org/W2078767451","https://openalex.org/W2087221324","https://openalex.org/W2089969656","https://openalex.org/W2097564701","https://openalex.org/W2100595623","https://openalex.org/W2100704456","https://openalex.org/W2100756624","https://openalex.org/W2101546453","https://openalex.org/W2118461103","https://openalex.org/W2123042618","https://openalex.org/W2129604118","https://openalex.org/W2132113231","https://openalex.org/W2142796063","https://openalex.org/W2149430368","https://openalex.org/W2156571267","https://openalex.org/W2158518042","https://openalex.org/W2159764117","https://openalex.org/W2161342819","https://openalex.org/W2162698990","https://openalex.org/W2166466781","https://openalex.org/W2239579562","https://openalex.org/W2433157206","https://openalex.org/W2501861162","https://openalex.org/W2520503963","https://openalex.org/W2529153069","https://openalex.org/W2529609428","https://openalex.org/W2538126215","https://openalex.org/W2543506921","https://openalex.org/W2606507442","https://openalex.org/W2619391717","https://openalex.org/W2746944839","https://openalex.org/W2754620640","https://openalex.org/W2765370814","https://openalex.org/W2784652774","https://openalex.org/W2883936846","https://openalex.org/W2898936434","https://openalex.org/W2911492792","https://openalex.org/W2936773439","https://openalex.org/W2940524302","https://openalex.org/W2963298074","https://openalex.org/W2966284300","https://openalex.org/W3035685941","https://openalex.org/W4246642351","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6682904970","https://openalex.org/W6736608259","https://openalex.org/W6982247281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377241681","https://openalex.org/W1980571360","https://openalex.org/W71412249","https://openalex.org/W3177483898","https://openalex.org/W3176448898","https://openalex.org/W4379115808","https://openalex.org/W4313238177","https://openalex.org/W3207986206","https://openalex.org/W4234283019","https://openalex.org/W1979866946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3,27,57],"characterized":[4],"by":[5],"the":[6,40,46,60,68,71,80,83,87,90,116,122,125,138,159,164,178,192,196,217,222,228],"presence":[7],"of":[8,42,48,63,86,124,161,180,219,224],"red":[9],"lesions":[10,44],"(RLs),":[11],"such":[12,20],"as":[13,21],"microaneurysms":[14],"and":[15,17,65,89,111,115,134,151,171,186,203,226],"hemorrhages,":[16],"bright":[18],"lesions,":[19],"exudates":[22],"(EXs).":[23],"Early":[24],"DR":[25],"diagnosis":[26,218],"paramount":[28],"to":[29,120,214,230],"prevent":[30],"serious":[31],"sight":[32],"damage.":[33],"Computer-assisted":[34],"diagnostic":[35],"systems":[36],"are":[37],"based":[38],"on":[39],"detection":[41,62,128,160,179],"those":[43],"through":[45],"analysis":[47],"fundus":[49,72],"images.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"a":[54,99,108,112],"novel":[55],"method":[56,210],"proposed":[58,209],"for":[59,158,177],"automatic":[61],"RLs":[64],"EXs.":[66],"As":[67,176],"main":[69],"contribution,":[70],"image":[73],"was":[74],"decomposed":[75],"into":[76,107],"various":[77],"layers,":[78],"including":[79],"lesion":[81],"candidates,":[82],"reflective":[84],"features":[85],"retina,":[88],"choroidal":[91],"vasculature":[92],"visible":[93],"in":[94,216],"tigroid":[95],"retinas.":[96],"We":[97],"used":[98],"proprietary":[100,139,193],"database":[101,118],"containing":[102],"564":[103],"images,":[104],"randomly":[105],"divided":[106],"training":[109],"set":[110],"test":[113],"set,":[114],"public":[117,165,197],"DiaretDB1":[119],"verify":[121],"robustness":[123],"algorithm.":[126],"Lesion":[127],"results":[129],"were":[130,156,174,189,206],"computed":[131],"per":[132,135],"pixel":[133],"image.":[136],"Using":[137,163,195],"database,":[140,166,198],"88.34%":[141],"per-image":[142],"accuracy":[143],"(ACCi),":[144],"91.07%":[145],"per-pixel":[146,153],"positive":[147],"predictive":[148],"value":[149],"(PPVp),":[150],"85.25%":[152],"sensitivity":[154],"(SEp)":[155],"reached":[157,190],"RLs.":[162],"90.16%":[167],"ACCi,":[168,183,200],"96.26%":[169],"PPV_p,":[170,185],"84.79%":[172],"SEp":[173,205],"obtained.":[175,207],"EXs,":[181],"95.41%":[182],"96.01%":[184],"89.42%":[187],"SE_p":[188],"with":[191],"database.":[194],"91.80%":[199],"98.59%":[201],"PPVp,":[202],"91.65%":[204],"The":[208],"could":[211],"be":[212],"useful":[213],"aid":[215],"DR,":[220],"reducing":[221],"workload":[223],"specialists":[225],"improving":[227],"attention":[229],"diabetic":[231],"patients.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
