{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3104991782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226517","title":"Vehicle Spatial Distribution and 3D Trajectory Extraction Algorithm in a Cross-Camera Traffic Scene","display_name":"Vehicle Spatial Distribution and 3D Trajectory Extraction Algorithm in a Cross-Camera Traffic Scene","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3104991782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226517","mag":"3104991782","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33202659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226517","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6517/pdf?version=1605697092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6517/pdf?version=1605697092","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032539074","display_name":"Xinyao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-3623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-3623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008672520","display_name":"Huansheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-0061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huansheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391896","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-5785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101503950","display_name":"Yanni Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-3543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanni Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008672520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.9616,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75593292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"22","first_page":"6517","last_page":"6517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6955866813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6941648125648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.6811476945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6784139275550842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6329488754272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5800698399543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-resectioning","display_name":"Camera resectioning","score":0.5596590638160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.4742514193058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-auto-calibration","display_name":"Camera auto-calibration","score":0.422750860452652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanishing-point","display_name":"Vanishing point","score":0.41311365365982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38857951760292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.32595181465148926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6955866813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6941648125648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.6811476945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6784139275550842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6329488754272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5800698399543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110898773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933935","display_name":"Camera resectioning","level":2,"score":0.5596590638160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.4742514193058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94816000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5026006","display_name":"Camera auto-calibration","level":3,"score":0.422750860452652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99404194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163362","display_name":"Vanishing point","level":3,"score":0.41311365365982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38857951760292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32595181465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226517","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6517/pdf?version=1605697092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33202659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33202659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b752806ebffd4db4bc8c5c37ce3f3cc5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b752806ebffd4db4bc8c5c37ce3f3cc5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 22, p 6517 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/22/6517/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 22; Pages: 6517","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7698096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7698096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20226517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226517","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6517/pdf?version=1605697092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1529162848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018ZDXM-GY-047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6336055860","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"300102249317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6892783866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019SF-258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7479433847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322748","display_name":"Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Brn\u011b","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3104991782.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3104991782.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1981445672","https://openalex.org/W2024127695","https://openalex.org/W2059874031","https://openalex.org/W2075565671","https://openalex.org/W2144995066","https://openalex.org/W2148961340","https://openalex.org/W2165065922","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2245783835","https://openalex.org/W2468368736","https://openalex.org/W2566882503","https://openalex.org/W2596110958","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2752528633","https://openalex.org/W2771824516","https://openalex.org/W2889518578","https://openalex.org/W2903772787","https://openalex.org/W2911712948","https://openalex.org/W2936901535","https://openalex.org/W2943646482","https://openalex.org/W2950347718","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2990021933","https://openalex.org/W2999341668","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3022884247","https://openalex.org/W3033109492","https://openalex.org/W3035276674","https://openalex.org/W3084723984","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3169173517","https://openalex.org/W3198316142","https://openalex.org/W4300923252","https://openalex.org/W6630003109","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6796589191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393869535","https://openalex.org/W2887372391","https://openalex.org/W2049337725","https://openalex.org/W2379465014","https://openalex.org/W2371509765","https://openalex.org/W2110206196","https://openalex.org/W2540763125","https://openalex.org/W2370621620","https://openalex.org/W2378058417","https://openalex.org/W9483417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,138],"three-dimensional":[1],"trajectory":[2,36,49,153],"data":[3],"of":[4,18,27,43,58,90,117,125,134],"vehicles":[5,91,104,135],"have":[6],"important":[7],"practical":[8],"meaning":[9],"for":[10],"traffic":[11,157],"behavior":[12],"analysis.":[13],"To":[14],"solve":[15],"the":[16,97,122,129],"problems":[17],"narrow":[19],"visual":[20],"angle":[21],"in":[22,30,51,92,128,155],"single-camera":[23],"scenes":[24],"and":[25,47,151],"lack":[26],"continuous":[28],"trajectories":[29,133],"3D":[31,48,78,100,132,152],"space":[32],"by":[33,120],"current":[34],"cross-camera":[35,75,93],"extraction":[37,50,154],"methods,":[38],"we":[39,82],"propose":[40],"an":[41],"algorithm":[42,144],"vehicle":[44,148],"spatial":[45,62,123,149],"distribution":[46,124,150],"this":[52],"paper.":[53],"First,":[54],"a":[55,59],"panoramic":[56,130],"image":[57],"road":[60],"with":[61,107],"information":[63],"is":[64,71],"generated":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67,96],"camera":[68],"calibration,":[69],"which":[70,110,159],"used":[72,112],"to":[73,85,113],"convert":[74],"perspectives":[76],"into":[77],"physical":[79],"space.":[80],"Then,":[81],"choose":[83],"YOLOv4":[84],"obtain":[86,114],"2D":[87],"bounding":[88,101],"boxes":[89,102],"scenes.":[94],"Based":[95],"above":[98],"information,":[99],"around":[103],"are":[105,111,136],"built":[106],"geometric":[108],"constraints":[109],"projection":[115,126],"centroids":[116,127],"vehicles.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"calculating":[121],"image,":[131],"extracted.":[137],"experimental":[139],"results":[140],"indicate":[141],"that":[142],"our":[143],"can":[145],"effectively":[146],"complete":[147],"various":[156],"scenes,":[158],"outperforms":[160],"other":[161],"comparison":[162],"algorithms.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
