{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3096887238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216200","title":"Statistical Study of the Seasonal Variations in TEC Depletion and the ROTI during 2013\u20132019 over Hong Kong","display_name":"Statistical Study of the Seasonal Variations in TEC Depletion and the ROTI during 2013\u20132019 over Hong Kong","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3096887238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216200","mag":"3096887238","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33143229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20216200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216200","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6200/pdf?version=1604283887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6200/pdf?version=1604283887","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429899","display_name":"Qiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7763-8115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aviation Data Communication Corporation, Beijing 100191, China","School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aviation Data Communication Corporation, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107142622","display_name":"Yanbo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-795X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aviation Data Communication Corporation, Beijing 100191, China","School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aviation Data Communication Corporation, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041257365","display_name":"Kun Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4686-2354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4686-2354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081348189","display_name":"Jisi Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jisi Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aviation Data Communication Corporation, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aviation Data Communication Corporation, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041257365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.8633,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84848233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"21","first_page":"6200","last_page":"6200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.8272754549980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3702874481678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3211819529533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13758891820907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.07278895378112793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.8272754549980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3702874481678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3211819529533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13758891820907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.07278895378112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20216200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216200","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6200/pdf?version=1604283887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33143229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33143229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:958dab10230243daa14f1dfc9dc1a839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/958dab10230243daa14f1dfc9dc1a839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 21, p 6200 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/21/6200/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 21; Pages: 6200","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7662750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7662750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20216200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216200","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6200/pdf?version=1604283887","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1924055613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1833125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4996568902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0505105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6407635090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0503404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6984960745","display_name":"\u5317\u6597GBAS\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u6d41\u5c42\u5f02\u5e38\u5b8c\u597d\u6027\u76d1\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3096887238.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3096887238.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495976737","https://openalex.org/W1566943710","https://openalex.org/W1586779072","https://openalex.org/W1965496910","https://openalex.org/W1970473405","https://openalex.org/W1978785387","https://openalex.org/W1991378411","https://openalex.org/W1997574807","https://openalex.org/W2009501500","https://openalex.org/W2010973860","https://openalex.org/W2031798395","https://openalex.org/W2032518026","https://openalex.org/W2056688327","https://openalex.org/W2090222043","https://openalex.org/W2132338983","https://openalex.org/W2148255198","https://openalex.org/W2155348031","https://openalex.org/W2162813599","https://openalex.org/W2164048407","https://openalex.org/W2165421589","https://openalex.org/W2181583102","https://openalex.org/W2248828310","https://openalex.org/W2512471547","https://openalex.org/W2547770924","https://openalex.org/W2602792211","https://openalex.org/W2615284454","https://openalex.org/W2789338851","https://openalex.org/W2888480818","https://openalex.org/W2913340056","https://openalex.org/W2946255183","https://openalex.org/W2979233444","https://openalex.org/W3045499581","https://openalex.org/W4210984302","https://openalex.org/W6684129825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4320519862","https://openalex.org/W2352870767","https://openalex.org/W4320519888","https://openalex.org/W2373034664","https://openalex.org/W2389876445","https://openalex.org/W4320911913","https://openalex.org/W3049374486","https://openalex.org/W2971982457","https://openalex.org/W1608529797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Equatorial":[0],"plasma":[1],"bubbles":[2],"(EPBs)":[3],"can":[4,119],"cause":[5],"large":[6],"total":[7],"electron":[8],"content":[9],"(TEC)":[10],"gradient":[11],"magnitudes":[12],"and":[13,21,76,84,95,135,158,197,210],"significant":[14],"density":[15],"irregularities.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"paper,":[19],"depletions":[20],"irregularities":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,59,128,162],"EPBs":[25],"are":[26,86,160,199],"identified":[27],"by":[28],"using":[29],"the":[30,50,65,69,79,108,140,153,169,188,207],"Global":[31,40],"Positioning":[32],"System":[33,43],"(GPS)-TEC":[34],"time":[35],"series":[36],"extracted":[37],"from":[38,57,126],"nine":[39],"Navigation":[41],"Satellite":[42],"(GNSS)":[44],"stations":[45],"over":[46],"Hong":[47],"Kong":[48],"near":[49],"equatorial":[51],"ionization":[52],"anomaly":[53],"(EIA)":[54],"crest":[55],"region":[56],"2013":[58,127],"2019.":[60],"The":[61,88,130,149,181],"correlation":[62,150,182],"analyses":[63,151],"between":[64],"daily":[66],"variation":[67],"in":[68,206,213],"rate":[70],"of":[71,78,113,152,184,190],"TEC":[72],"change":[73],"index":[74,171],"(ROTI)":[75],"that":[77],"EPB":[80,90,131,154,194],"occurrence":[81,91,155],"rate,":[82,92,133,156],"depth,":[83,93,134,157,196],"duration":[85,136,159,198],"presented.":[87],"monthly":[89,179,185],"duration,":[94],"ROTI":[96],"show":[97],"strong":[98],"seasonal":[99,117],"variations,":[100],"with":[101,139,168],"maxima":[102],"during":[103,107],"equinoctial":[104,208],"seasons,":[105],"especially":[106],"moderate-to-high":[109],"solar":[110,141,191],"activity":[111,192],"years":[112],"2013-2016.":[114],"Furthermore,":[115],"two":[116],"asymmetries":[118],"be":[120,163],"clearly":[121],"seen":[122],"for":[123],"these":[124],"parameters":[125],"2016.":[129],"occurrences":[132],"vary":[137],"annually":[138],"radio":[142],"flux":[143],"at":[144],"10.7":[145],"cm":[146],"(F10.7)":[147],"index.":[148],"found":[161],"much":[164],"more":[165],"strongly":[166],"correlated":[167],"F10.7":[170],"on":[172,177,193],"an":[173],"annual":[174],"basis":[175],"than":[176,212],"a":[178],"basis.":[180],"analysis":[183],"variations":[186],"shows":[187],"impacts":[189],"occurrence,":[195],"seasonally":[200],"dependent,":[201],"which":[202],"is":[203],"significantly":[204],"greater":[205],"seasons":[209],"summer":[211],"winter.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
