{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3096075470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216119","title":"Optical Axons for Electro-Optical Neural Networks","display_name":"Optical Axons for Electro-Optical Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3096075470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216119","mag":"3096075470","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33121207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20216119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216119","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6119/pdf?version=1603963379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6119/pdf?version=1603963379","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034283033","display_name":"Mircea Hulea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-9183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108695","display_name":"Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Ia\u0219i","ror":"https://ror.org/014zxnz40","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mircea Hulea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering at Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-9183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering at Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712820","display_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment at Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7XA, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment at Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7XA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053829441","display_name":"Sujan Rajbhandari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-118X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159102","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/0500fyd17","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujan Rajbhandari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Sweden AB, 412 50 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Sweden AB, 412 50 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022866169","display_name":"Othman Isam Younus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-1175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Othman Isam Younus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment at Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7XA, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-1175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment at Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7XA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074967399","display_name":"Alexandru Barleanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3792-4381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108695","display_name":"Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Ia\u0219i","ror":"https://ror.org/014zxnz40","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandru Barleanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering at Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering at Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034283033"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108695"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8948,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72072807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"21","first_page":"6119","last_page":"6119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.749208390712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5857864618301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5819178223609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.47932398319244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axon","display_name":"Axon","score":0.424634724855423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3911760747432709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29509246349334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.20689919590950012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.749208390712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5857864618301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5819178223609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.47932398319244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178999","display_name":"Axon","level":2,"score":0.424634724855423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3911760747432709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29509246349334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.20689919590950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001369","descriptor_name":"Axons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001369","descriptor_name":"Axons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001369","descriptor_name":"Axons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001369","descriptor_name":"Axons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20216119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216119","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6119/pdf?version=1603963379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33121207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33121207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:44614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:026b903c18db49e7809f87a8bb730cd5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/026b903c18db49e7809f87a8bb730cd5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 21, p 6119 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/21/6119/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 21; Pages: 6119","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7663001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7663001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20216119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216119","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6119/pdf?version=1603963379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318250","display_name":"Universitatea Tehnic\u0103 \u201eGheorghe Asachi\u201d din Ia\u015fi","ror":"https://ror.org/014zxnz40"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3096075470.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3096075470.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101771737","https://openalex.org/W1972768882","https://openalex.org/W1975412204","https://openalex.org/W1985751209","https://openalex.org/W1995925518","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2018904782","https://openalex.org/W2029939668","https://openalex.org/W2042664196","https://openalex.org/W2051270432","https://openalex.org/W2069006114","https://openalex.org/W2077684792","https://openalex.org/W2083936311","https://openalex.org/W2087696644","https://openalex.org/W2095484045","https://openalex.org/W2102645263","https://openalex.org/W2107201351","https://openalex.org/W2123407810","https://openalex.org/W2128432504","https://openalex.org/W2128909182","https://openalex.org/W2128982225","https://openalex.org/W2129046573","https://openalex.org/W2314470091","https://openalex.org/W2332954138","https://openalex.org/W2344111254","https://openalex.org/W2406903132","https://openalex.org/W2518633180","https://openalex.org/W2529389677","https://openalex.org/W2536050198","https://openalex.org/W2595593680","https://openalex.org/W2595995231","https://openalex.org/W2612527811","https://openalex.org/W2614858068","https://openalex.org/W2620342231","https://openalex.org/W2739588406","https://openalex.org/W2767721992","https://openalex.org/W2786940338","https://openalex.org/W2803706985","https://openalex.org/W2889002926","https://openalex.org/W2890143716","https://openalex.org/W2890412128","https://openalex.org/W2891977303","https://openalex.org/W2894475059","https://openalex.org/W2898323475","https://openalex.org/W2900163261","https://openalex.org/W2900970864","https://openalex.org/W2906829733","https://openalex.org/W2908861709","https://openalex.org/W2923894441","https://openalex.org/W2936668654","https://openalex.org/W2942786612","https://openalex.org/W2943528195","https://openalex.org/W2944119451","https://openalex.org/W2944578243","https://openalex.org/W2960182700","https://openalex.org/W2963335874","https://openalex.org/W2976137232","https://openalex.org/W2988481835","https://openalex.org/W2998390304","https://openalex.org/W3014506381","https://openalex.org/W3040222933","https://openalex.org/W3098290163","https://openalex.org/W3098928721","https://openalex.org/W3100722816","https://openalex.org/W3102215523","https://openalex.org/W3103046660","https://openalex.org/W3103145197","https://openalex.org/W3105385913","https://openalex.org/W4230814294","https://openalex.org/W6675235657","https://openalex.org/W6720056836","https://openalex.org/W6741551871","https://openalex.org/W6762311552","https://openalex.org/W6785495471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4372267706","https://openalex.org/W2885510266","https://openalex.org/W4288055417","https://openalex.org/W2960220682","https://openalex.org/W4205804651","https://openalex.org/W4287758233","https://openalex.org/W3136467750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"neuromorphic":[1,70],"sensors,":[2,71],"which":[3,46,72,120,187],"convert":[4],"analogue":[5],"signals":[6],"to":[7,22,27,58,76],"spiking":[8,37],"frequencies,":[9],"have":[10,150],"\u200ebeen":[11],"reported":[12],"for":[13,186],"neurorobotics.":[14],"In":[15],"bio-inspired":[16],"systems":[17,67],"these":[18],"sensors":[19],"are":[20,56,73,112,121],"connected":[21,74],"the":[23,31,51,59,63,77,80,115,118,129,142,145,173,180,188],"main":[24,78],"neural":[25,38],"unit":[26],"perform":[28],"\u200epost-processing":[29],"of":[30,36,62,82,117,141,153,161,167,179],"sensor":[32],"data.":[33],"The":[34,109],"performance":[35],"networks":[39],"has":[40],"been":[41],"\u200eimproved":[42],"using":[43,106,182],"optical":[44,64,100,130,147],"synapses,":[45],"offer":[47],"parallel":[48],"communications":[49],"between":[50],"distanced":[52],"\u200eneural":[53],"areas":[54],"but":[55],"sensitive":[57],"intensity":[60,131],"variations":[61],"signal.":[65],"For":[66,144],"with":[68,102,164],"\u200eseveral":[69],"optically":[75,105,123],"unit,":[79],"use":[81],"\u200eoptical":[83],"synapses":[84,103],"is":[85,195],"not":[86],"an":[87],"advantage.":[88],"To":[89],"address":[90],"this,":[91],"in":[92,139],"this":[93],"paper":[94],"we":[95,149,171],"propose":[96],"and":[97,133],"\u200eexperimentally":[98],"verify":[99],"axons":[101],"activated":[104],"digital":[107],"signals.":[108],"\u200esynaptic":[110],"weights":[111],"encoded":[113],"by":[114],"energy":[116],"stimuli,":[119],"then":[122],"transmitted":[124],"\u200eindependently.":[125],"We":[126],"show":[127],"that":[128],"fluctuations":[132],"link's":[134],"misalignment":[135],"result":[136],"\u200ein":[137],"delay":[138,166,175],"activation":[140],"synapses.":[143],"proposed":[146],"axon,":[148],"demonstrated":[151],"line":[152],"\u200esight":[154],"transmission":[155],"over":[156],"a":[157,165,177,183],"maximum":[158],"link":[159],"length":[160],"190":[162],"cm":[163],"8":[168],"\u03bcs.":[169],"Furthermore,":[170],"\u200eshow":[172],"axon":[174],"as":[176],"function":[178],"illuminance":[181],"fitted":[184],"model":[185],"root":[189],"mean":[190],"square":[191],"error":[192],"(RMS)":[193],"\u200esimilarity":[194],"0.95.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
