{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094334787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20215984","title":"Corrosion Detection in PSC Bridge Tendons Using Kernel PCA Denoising of Measured MFL Signals","display_name":"Corrosion Detection in PSC Bridge Tendons Using Kernel PCA Denoising of Measured MFL Signals","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094334787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20215984","mag":"3094334787","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33105752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20215984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20215984","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/5984/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/5984/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079477558","display_name":"Chang Kook Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4174-4518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110273157","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Kook Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090557514","display_name":"Changbin Joh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-8790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019177047","display_name":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035enhp47","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I3019177047","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changbin Joh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019177047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106822982","display_name":"Jung Woo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-9248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019177047","display_name":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035enhp47","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I3019177047","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung Woo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019177047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071746404","display_name":"Kwang-Yeun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-2142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019177047","display_name":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035enhp47","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I3019177047","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwang-Yeun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019177047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090557514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019177047"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.9064,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71596933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"21","first_page":"5984","last_page":"5984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.6629204750061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion","display_name":"Corrosion","score":0.6459912061691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5424386858940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-life","display_name":"Service life","score":0.5337209701538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5201095342636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5091399550437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","score":0.5050259232521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.4903535842895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.48718804121017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","score":0.4379514455795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4285162091255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3728967308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.22430890798568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20523005723953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.20138618350028992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1392601728439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.13486427068710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.12460598349571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.09788855910301208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6629204750061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.6459912061691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5424386858940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103208741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675349","display_name":"Service life","level":2,"score":0.5337209701538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5201095342636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5091399550437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.5050259232521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4903535842895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.48718804121017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182335926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093020","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","level":4,"score":0.4379514455795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4285162091255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3728967308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.22430890798568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20523005723953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.20138618350028992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1392601728439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.13486427068710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.12460598349571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.09788855910301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20215984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20215984","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/5984/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33105752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33105752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07243002bc5345c9baf32626bc0b82f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07243002bc5345c9baf32626bc0b82f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 21, p 5984 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/21/5984/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20215984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 21; Pages: 5984","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7672632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7672632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20215984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20215984","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/5984/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322095","display_name":"Korea Institute of Construction Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035enhp47"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094334787.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094334787.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15024826","https://openalex.org/W1529174832","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1560724230","https://openalex.org/W1898035826","https://openalex.org/W1988859497","https://openalex.org/W1993339412","https://openalex.org/W2011362646","https://openalex.org/W2056100305","https://openalex.org/W2056683044","https://openalex.org/W2071128523","https://openalex.org/W2072134949","https://openalex.org/W2085590890","https://openalex.org/W2091884909","https://openalex.org/W2122458090","https://openalex.org/W2132329256","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2143573834","https://openalex.org/W2160172778","https://openalex.org/W2166361350","https://openalex.org/W2169945149","https://openalex.org/W2182936301","https://openalex.org/W2189709317","https://openalex.org/W2323533158","https://openalex.org/W2432567885","https://openalex.org/W2921932532","https://openalex.org/W3119651796","https://openalex.org/W4205686602","https://openalex.org/W4232129301","https://openalex.org/W4251002338","https://openalex.org/W4292023222","https://openalex.org/W4301501800","https://openalex.org/W6639486354","https://openalex.org/W6664742463","https://openalex.org/W6760686795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379488555","https://openalex.org/W2753886092","https://openalex.org/W2152632846","https://openalex.org/W1992961908","https://openalex.org/W2014683590","https://openalex.org/W3138125914","https://openalex.org/W2359742711","https://openalex.org/W2139392257","https://openalex.org/W4285789115","https://openalex.org/W4246358298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17,92],"construction":[1],"of":[2,84],"prestressed":[3],"concrete":[4],"bridges":[5,19],"has":[6],"witnessed":[7],"a":[8,56,63,108],"steep":[9],"increase":[10],"for":[11],"the":[12,45,82,102],"past":[13],"50":[14],"years":[15],"worldwide.":[16],"constructed":[18],"exposed":[20],"to":[21,61,80,106,114],"various":[22],"environmental":[23],"conditions":[24],"deteriorate":[25],"all":[26],"along":[27],"their":[28],"service":[29],"life.":[30],"One":[31],"such":[32,49],"degradation":[33],"is":[34,76],"corrosion,":[35],"which":[36],"can":[37],"cause":[38],"significant":[39],"damage":[40],"if":[41],"it":[42],"occurs":[43],"on":[44,71],"main":[46],"structural":[47],"components,":[48],"as":[50],"prestressing":[51,90],"tendons.":[52,91],"In":[53],"this":[54],"study,":[55],"novel":[57],"non-destructive":[58],"evaluation":[59],"method":[60,94],"incorporate":[62],"movable":[64],"yoke":[65],"system":[66,113],"with":[67,117],"denoising":[68],"algorithm":[69],"based":[70],"kernel":[72],"principal":[73],"component":[74],"analysis":[75],"developed":[77],"and":[78,110],"applied":[79],"identify":[81],"loss":[83],"cross-sectional":[85],"area":[86],"in":[87],"corroded":[88],"external":[89],"proposed":[93],"using":[95],"denoised":[96],"output":[97],"voltage":[98],"signals":[99],"obtained":[100],"from":[101],"measuring":[103],"device":[104],"appears":[105],"be":[107],"reliable":[109],"precise":[111],"monitoring":[112],"detect":[115],"corrosion":[116],"less":[118],"than":[119],"3%":[120],"sectional":[121],"loss.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}