{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092344149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195719","title":"Comparative Experiments of V2X Security Protocol Based on Hash Chain Cryptography","display_name":"Comparative Experiments of V2X Security Protocol Based on Hash Chain Cryptography","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092344149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195719","mag":"3092344149","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33050065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20195719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195719","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5719/pdf?version=1602306753","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5719/pdf?version=1602306753","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112727402","display_name":"Shimaa A. Abdel Hakeem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156128","display_name":"Electronics Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0532wcf75","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094263","https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]}],"countries":["EG","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shimaa A. Abdel Hakeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Research Institute (ERI), Giza 12622, Egypt","School of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Research Institute (ERI), Giza 12622, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108016204","display_name":"Mohamed A. Abd El-Gawad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7898-9854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165434","display_name":"National Telecommunications Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05g82f642","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165434"]}],"countries":["EG","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. Abd El-Gawad","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Telecommunication Institute, Cairo 11768, Egypt","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Telecommunication Institute, Cairo 11768, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032247984","display_name":"HyungWon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2602-2075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"HyungWon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032247984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.7631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85206229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"19","first_page":"5719","last_page":"5719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6770358085632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6136791110038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5901318788528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-chain","display_name":"Hash chain","score":0.5835148692131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5401358604431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5108749270439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46732297539711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.465454638004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain","display_name":"Chain (unit)","score":0.425142765045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11865878105163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09342172741889954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6770358085632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6136791110038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5901318788528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135783594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5678864","display_name":"Hash chain","level":3,"score":0.5835148692131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5401358604431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5108749270439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46732297539711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.465454638004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.425142765045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11865878105163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09342172741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20195719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195719","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5719/pdf?version=1602306753","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33050065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33050065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1469de96ee4c4bd6bc3bdf79d0fbe5c0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1469de96ee4c4bd6bc3bdf79d0fbe5c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 19, p 5719 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/19/5719/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 19; Pages: 5719","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7582867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7582867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20195719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195719","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5719/pdf?version=1602306753","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092344149.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092344149.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W996120432","https://openalex.org/W1548527752","https://openalex.org/W1667889362","https://openalex.org/W1965064232","https://openalex.org/W1985719683","https://openalex.org/W2009765199","https://openalex.org/W2021516337","https://openalex.org/W2026061064","https://openalex.org/W2081560760","https://openalex.org/W2097067054","https://openalex.org/W2136767034","https://openalex.org/W2166177812","https://openalex.org/W2168986093","https://openalex.org/W2185982708","https://openalex.org/W2316899877","https://openalex.org/W2438867133","https://openalex.org/W2493642530","https://openalex.org/W2751508477","https://openalex.org/W2766608485","https://openalex.org/W2777408311","https://openalex.org/W2789750749","https://openalex.org/W2969927404","https://openalex.org/W2980880490","https://openalex.org/W2987635953","https://openalex.org/W2998285959","https://openalex.org/W4230980043","https://openalex.org/W4250318009","https://openalex.org/W6656888163","https://openalex.org/W6743728539","https://openalex.org/W6748767000"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383706615","https://openalex.org/W2069568684","https://openalex.org/W2154676777","https://openalex.org/W4200497776","https://openalex.org/W2982222368","https://openalex.org/W2379589344","https://openalex.org/W2103058157","https://openalex.org/W2355953790","https://openalex.org/W1570074286","https://openalex.org/W3151879525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle-to-everything":[0],"(V2X)":[1],"is":[2,20,224],"the":[3,24,34,41,57,68,121,134,161,165,181,185,189,196,216,233],"communication":[4,58,72,166,190],"technology":[5],"designed":[6],"to":[7,22,51,79,128,201,220],"support":[8,52],"road":[9],"safety":[10],"for":[11,89,113],"drivers":[12],"and":[13,55,73,85,136,171,195,227,235],"autonomous":[14],"driving.":[15],"The":[16,92,211],"light-weight":[17,82],"security":[18,38,208],"solution":[19],"crucial":[21],"meet":[23],"real-time":[25],"needs":[26],"of":[27,33,70,110],"on-board":[28],"V2X":[29,37,90,126,142,146],"applications.":[30],"However,":[31],"most":[32],"recently":[35],"proposed":[36,93,122,162,186,212],"protocols-based":[39],"on":[40],"Elliptic":[42],"Curve":[43],"Digital":[44],"Signature":[45],"Algorithm":[46],"(ECDSA)-are":[47],"not":[48],"efficient":[49],"enough":[50],"fast":[53],"processing":[54],"reduce":[56],"overhead":[59,167,173,191,198],"between":[60],"vehicles.":[61],"ECDSA":[62],"provides":[63],"a":[64,81,101,107,114,206,225],"high-security":[65],"level":[66],"at":[67,100],"cost":[69,104],"excessive":[71],"computation":[74,172,197],"overhead,":[75],"which":[76,223],"motivates":[77],"us":[78],"propose":[80],"message":[83,98],"authentication":[84,99],"privacy":[86],"preservation":[87],"protocol":[88,94,123,163,187,213],"communications.":[91],"achieves":[95],"highly":[96],"secure":[97],"substantially":[102,214],"lower":[103],"by":[105,168,174,192,199],"introducing":[106],"hash":[108],"chain":[109],"secret":[111],"keys":[112],"Message":[115],"Authentication":[116],"Code":[117],"(MAC).":[118],"We":[119,139],"implemented":[120,151],"using":[124,144],"commercial":[125,145],"devices":[127,147],"prove":[129],"its":[130],"performance":[131],"advantages":[132],"over":[133],"standard":[135],"non-standard":[137,207],"protocols.":[138,237],"constructed":[140],"real":[141,157],"networks":[143,158],"that":[148,160],"run":[149],"our":[150],"protocol.":[152],"Our":[153],"extensive":[154],"experiments":[155],"with":[156,180,205,232],"demonstrate":[159],"reduces":[164,188,215],"6":[169],"times":[170,178,194,203],"more":[175],"than":[176],"100":[177,202],"compared":[179,204,231],"IEEE1609.2":[182],"standard.":[183],"Moreover,":[184],"4":[193],"up":[200],"protocol,":[209],"TESLA.":[210],"average":[217],"end-to-end":[218],"delay":[219],"2.5":[221],"ms,":[222],"24-":[226],"28-fold":[228],"reduction,":[229],"respectively,":[230],"IEEE1609":[234],"TESLA":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
