{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091130823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195637","title":"Design, Construction and Testing of IoT Based Automated Indoor Vertical Hydroponics Farming Test-Bed in Qatar","display_name":"Design, Construction and Testing of IoT Based Automated Indoor Vertical Hydroponics Farming Test-Bed in Qatar","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091130823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195637","mag":"3091130823","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33023097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20195637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5637/pdf?version=1601620926","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5637/pdf?version=1601620926","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064486960","display_name":"Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-8206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003290346","display_name":"Amith Khandakar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amith Khandakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia","Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100874146","display_name":"Saba Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saba Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015726965","display_name":"Fatima Al-Khuzaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Al-Khuzaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030427615","display_name":"Jalaa Hamdalla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jalaa Hamdalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044019751","display_name":"Fahmida Haque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2023-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahmida Haque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074798146","display_name":"Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046638475","display_name":"Ahmed Al-Shafei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-8301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Al Shafei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081580906","display_name":"Nasser Al\u2010Emadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-1146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser Al-Emadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064486960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":11.3582,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98448824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"19","first_page":"5637","last_page":"5637"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.6713838577270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4913462698459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4876190721988678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4444428086280823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.4143294394016266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4003589451313019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37361982464790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3359890580177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30198103189468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13572460412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.09954339265823364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.6713838577270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4913462698459625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4876190721988678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4444428086280823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.4143294394016266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4003589451313019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37361982464790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3359890580177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30198103189468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13572460412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.09954339265823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20195637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5637/pdf?version=1601620926","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33023097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33023097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6947b518210b41c1b7cc80720a70a17e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6947b518210b41c1b7cc80720a70a17e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 19, p 5637 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/19/5637/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 19; Pages: 5637","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7582991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7582991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/16938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/16938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20195637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/19/5637/pdf?version=1601620926","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6214202761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HSREP02-1230-190019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309815","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3091130823.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3091130823.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72116247","https://openalex.org/W1543324202","https://openalex.org/W1875276282","https://openalex.org/W1883364407","https://openalex.org/W1965036113","https://openalex.org/W1997127785","https://openalex.org/W2113369695","https://openalex.org/W2126950413","https://openalex.org/W2186870366","https://openalex.org/W2277246530","https://openalex.org/W2278492924","https://openalex.org/W2347156102","https://openalex.org/W2550568624","https://openalex.org/W2585355662","https://openalex.org/W2626015766","https://openalex.org/W2765370988","https://openalex.org/W2766342060","https://openalex.org/W2767515502","https://openalex.org/W2776572436","https://openalex.org/W2782802500","https://openalex.org/W2783906079","https://openalex.org/W2802808115","https://openalex.org/W2803476004","https://openalex.org/W2805332352","https://openalex.org/W2889518720","https://openalex.org/W2900296911","https://openalex.org/W2900935480","https://openalex.org/W2905020222","https://openalex.org/W2905108967","https://openalex.org/W2920009758","https://openalex.org/W2920588613","https://openalex.org/W2936994305","https://openalex.org/W2946054267","https://openalex.org/W2948798395","https://openalex.org/W2964321282","https://openalex.org/W2979475588","https://openalex.org/W2990638901","https://openalex.org/W2998332032","https://openalex.org/W2998376736","https://openalex.org/W2999416747","https://openalex.org/W3004353599","https://openalex.org/W3009010360","https://openalex.org/W3027293947","https://openalex.org/W6695110199","https://openalex.org/W6732984218","https://openalex.org/W6733867102","https://openalex.org/W6760156148","https://openalex.org/W6770745614","https://openalex.org/W6771882258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W2383001583","https://openalex.org/W2771395446","https://openalex.org/W2131084560","https://openalex.org/W2348639818","https://openalex.org/W2368737953","https://openalex.org/W2391951862","https://openalex.org/W3091627987","https://openalex.org/W2147310439","https://openalex.org/W2377990930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Growing":[0],"plants":[1,23,35,188],"in":[2,29,109,214,401],"the":[3,15,25,64,89,97,133,145,151,167,187,193,198,205,215,240,272,281,286,292,307,312,335,355,358,366,397,402],"gulf":[4,403],"region":[5,404],"can":[6,79,294,348,376],"be":[7,80,118,323,349,379,389],"challenging":[8],"as":[9,39,82,120,129,408],"it":[10],"is":[11,17,48,70,179,237],"mostly":[12],"desert,":[13],"and":[14,51,115,148,165,170,211,223,228,246,328,361],"climate":[16],"dry.":[18],"A":[19,125],"few":[20],"species":[21],"of":[22,45,76,91,96,105,111,132,140,157,181,197,244,260,319,333,338,357,365],"have":[24],"capability":[26],"to":[27,49,72,117,142,149,163,239,279,305,405],"grow":[28,73],"such":[30,372],"a":[31,40,83,130,316,330,373],"climate.":[32,66],"However,":[33],"those":[34],"are":[36,288],"not":[37,61,289],"suitable":[38],"food":[41,84,407],"source.":[42],"The":[43,67,94,176,195,218,345],"aim":[44],"this":[46],"work":[47,392],"design":[50,95],"construct":[52],"an":[53,121],"indoor":[54,122,359],"automatic":[55],"vertical":[56,106],"hydroponic":[57,107,282,339],"system":[58,69,98,146,168,178,200,209,219,241,253,275,283,309,313,340,375],"that":[59,78],"does":[60],"depend":[62],"on":[63],"outside":[65],"designed":[68,177],"capable":[71,180],"common":[74],"type":[75],"crops":[77],"used":[81,162,350,380],"source":[85],"inside":[86],"homes":[87],"without":[88,227,298],"need":[90],"large":[92],"space.":[93],"was":[99,127,161,201,220,254,269],"made":[100],"after":[101],"studying":[102],"different":[103,138],"types":[104,139],"systems":[108],"terms":[110],"price,":[112],"power":[113],"consumption":[114],"suitability":[116],"built":[119],"automated":[123],"system.":[124,273],"microcontroller":[126],"working":[128],"brain":[131],"system,":[134],"which":[135,236,302,321],"communicates":[136],"with":[137,189,229,342],"sensors":[141],"control":[143,232,306],"all":[144],"parameters":[147,169,185,297,337],"minimize":[150],"human":[152],"intervention.":[153],"An":[154],"open":[155],"internet":[156],"things":[158],"(IoT)":[159],"platform":[160,347],"store":[164],"display":[166],"graphical":[171],"interface":[172],"for":[173,186,325,352,362,381,396],"remote":[174],"access.":[175],"maintaining":[182],"healthy":[183],"growing":[184],"minimal":[190],"input":[191],"from":[192,207],"user.":[194],"functionality":[196],"overall":[199],"confirmed":[202],"by":[203,271],"evaluating":[204],"response":[206],"individual":[208],"components":[210],"monitoring":[212,374],"them":[213],"IoT":[216],"platform.":[217],"consuming":[221],"120.59":[222],"230.59":[224],"kWh":[225],"respectively":[226],"air":[230],"conditioning":[231],"during":[233],"peak":[234],"summer,":[235],"equivalent":[238],"running":[242],"cost":[243],"13.26":[245],"25.36":[247],"Qatari":[248],"Riyal":[249],"(QAR)":[250],"respectively.":[251],"This":[252,274,391],"circulating":[255],"around":[256],"104":[257],"k":[258],"gallons":[259],"nutrient":[261],"solution":[262],"monthly":[263],"however,":[264],"only":[265],"8-10":[266],"L":[267],"water":[268],"consumed":[270],"offers":[276],"real-time":[277],"notifications":[278],"alert":[280],"user":[284,293],"when":[285],"conditions":[287],"favorable.":[290],"So,":[291],"monitor":[295],"several":[296],"using":[299],"laboratory":[300],"instruments,":[301],"will":[303,388],"allow":[304],"entire":[308],"remotely.":[310],"Moreover,":[311,371],"also":[314,377],"provides":[315,329],"wide":[317],"range":[318],"information,":[320],"could":[322],"essential":[324],"plant":[326,343],"researchers":[327],"greater":[331],"understanding":[332],"how":[334],"key":[336],"correlate":[341],"growth.":[344],"proposed":[346],"both":[351],"quantitatively":[353],"optimizing":[354],"setup":[356],"farming":[360],"automating":[363],"some":[364],"most":[367],"labor-intensive":[368],"maintenance":[369],"activities.":[370],"potentially":[378],"high-level":[382],"decision":[383],"making,":[384],"once":[385],"enough":[386],"data":[387],"collected.":[390],"presents":[393],"significant":[394],"opportunities":[395],"people":[398],"who":[399],"live":[400],"produce":[406],"per":[409],"their":[410],"requirements.":[411]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
