{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087909696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185439","title":"Addressing the Security Gap in IoT: Towards an IoT Cyber Range","display_name":"Addressing the Security Gap in IoT: Towards an IoT Cyber Range","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087909696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185439","mag":"3087909696","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32971956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185439","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5439/pdf?version=1600836587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5439/pdf?version=1600836587","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003484866","display_name":"Oliver Nock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9300472","display_name":"Bournemouth University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wwcw481","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Nock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Computing and Informatic, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Computing and Informatic, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034842495","display_name":"Jonathan M. Starkey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9083-6455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9300472","display_name":"Bournemouth University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wwcw481","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Starkey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Computing and Informatic, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Computing and Informatic, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027546338","display_name":"Constantinos Marios Angelopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-4444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9300472","display_name":"Bournemouth University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wwcw481","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Constantinos Marios Angelopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Computing and Informatic, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Computing and Informatic, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027546338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.2689,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8899949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"18","first_page":"5439","last_page":"5439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7003390789031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.6450889110565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.644173264503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5741977691650391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5507083535194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5265917181968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.45780372619628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.426277756690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4223729372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.23422014713287354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7003390789031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6450889110565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.644173264503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5741977691650391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5507083535194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5265917181968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.45780372619628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.426277756690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4223729372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.23422014713287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185439","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5439/pdf?version=1600836587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32971956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32971956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk:34625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/34625/1/sensors-20-05439-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400187","display_name":"Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9300472","host_organization_name":"Bournemouth University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a92c00dc99c64a9e9aa1a60636125e5d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a92c00dc99c64a9e9aa1a60636125e5d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 18, p 5439 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/18/5439/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 18; Pages: 5439","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7570597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7570597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:4071950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4071950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors 2020 20 5439","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185439","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5439/pdf?version=1600836587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5184107801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"830943","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6061340053","display_name":"European network of Cybersecurity centres and competence Hub for innovation and Operations","funder_award_id":"830943","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338475","funder_display_name":"H2020 LEIT Information and Communication Technologies"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338475","display_name":"H2020 LEIT Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3087909696.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3087909696.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544279955","https://openalex.org/W1972041827","https://openalex.org/W1972771074","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2155908598","https://openalex.org/W2245024622","https://openalex.org/W2737229169","https://openalex.org/W2901508923","https://openalex.org/W2901565797","https://openalex.org/W2943073010","https://openalex.org/W2958357193","https://openalex.org/W2969937713","https://openalex.org/W2976967302","https://openalex.org/W2980131799","https://openalex.org/W4288083309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W4285042611","https://openalex.org/W1509300825","https://openalex.org/W4309346268","https://openalex.org/W2019887508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112,191],"paradigm":[1],"of":[2,4,21,26,35,57,66,76,134,150,153,170,219,230,241,246,254],"Internet":[3],"Things":[5],"has":[6,48],"now":[7],"reached":[8],"a":[9,138,142,223,228,271],"maturity":[10],"level":[11],"where":[12],"the":[13,18,51,64,74,85,115,131,154,166,171,177,184,196,202,212,217,220,239,242,252,267],"pertinent":[14],"research":[15,106],"goal":[16],"is":[17,60,193,199],"successful":[19],"application":[20],"IoT":[22,36,67,77,91,97,102,110,123,156,172,234],"technologies":[23],"in":[24,90,109,137,211,248,257],"systems":[25],"high":[27],"technological":[28],"readiness":[29],"level.":[30],"However,":[31],"while":[32],"basic":[33],"aspects":[34,56,72],"connectivity":[37],"and":[38,44,73,87,107,119,127,129,158,168,187,198,262],"networking":[39,71],"have":[40],"been":[41,50],"well":[42,265],"studied":[43],"adequately":[45],"addressed,":[46],"this":[47],"not":[49],"case":[52],"for":[53,105,206],"cyber":[54,92,159],"security":[55,81,160],"IoT.":[58],"This":[59],"nicely":[61],"demonstrated":[62],"by":[63,244],"number":[65],"testbeds":[68,78,157],"focusing":[69,79],"on":[70,80,121,201],"lack":[75],"aspects.":[82],"Towards":[83],"addressing":[84],"existing":[86],"growing":[88],"skills-shortage":[89],"security,":[93],"we":[94,215],"present":[95,165],"an":[96,101,148],"Cyber":[98,173,207],"Range":[99,208],"(IoT-CR);":[100],"testbed":[103],"designed":[104],"training":[108],"security.":[111],"IoT-CR":[113,185,243,268],"allows":[114],"user":[116],"to":[117,250],"specify":[118],"work":[120,237],"customisable":[122],"networks,":[124],"both":[125],"virtual":[126],"physical,":[128],"supports":[130],"concurrent":[132],"execution":[133],"multiple":[135],"scenarios":[136,256],"scalable":[139],"way":[140],"following":[141],"modular":[143],"architecture.":[144],"We":[145,163],"first":[146],"provide":[147],"overview":[149],"existing,":[151],"state":[152],"art":[155],"related":[161],"initiatives.":[162],"then":[164],"design":[167,192,204],"architecture":[169],"Range,":[174],"also":[175],"detailing":[176],"corresponding":[178],"RESTful":[179],"APIs":[180],"that":[181],"help":[182],"de-associate":[183],"tiers":[186],"obfuscate":[188],"underlying":[189],"complexities.":[190],"focused":[194],"around":[195],"end-user":[197],"based":[200],"four":[203],"principles":[205],"development":[209],"discussed":[210],"introduction.":[213],"Finally,":[214],"demonstrate":[216],"use":[218,240],"facility":[221],"via":[222],"red/blue":[224],"team":[225],"scenario":[226],"involving":[227],"variant":[229],"man-in-the-middle":[231],"attack":[232],"using":[233],"devices.":[235],"Future":[236],"includes":[238],"cohorts":[245],"trainees":[247],"order":[249],"evaluate":[251],"effectiveness":[253],"specific":[255],"acquiring":[258],"IoT-related":[259],"cyber-security":[260,273],"knowledge":[261],"skills,":[263],"as":[264,266],"integration":[269],"with":[270],"pan-European":[272],"competence":[274],"network.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
