{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085871762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185314","title":"Combination of Multivariate Standard Addition Technique and Deep Kernel Learning Model for Determining Multi-Ion in Hydroponic Nutrient Solution","display_name":"Combination of Multivariate Standard Addition Technique and Deep Kernel Learning Model for Determining Multi-Ion in Hydroponic Nutrient Solution","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085871762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185314","mag":"3085871762","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32957499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185314","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5314/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5314/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010779965","display_name":"Vu Ngoc Tuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-2680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150438","display_name":"Nam Dinh University of Nursing","ror":"https://ror.org/04tkkqy57","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN","VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vu Tuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nam Dinh University of Technology Education, Nam Dinh 420000, Vietnam","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nam Dinh University of Technology Education, Nam Dinh 420000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000178744","display_name":"Abdul Mateen Khattak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-489X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246743127","display_name":"The University of Agriculture, Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02sp3q482","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Khattak","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","Departemnt of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-489X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departemnt of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101988006","display_name":"Hui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3775-3770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64852412","display_name":"Sichuan University of Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/053fzma23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Liquor Making Biological Technology and Application, Zigong 643000, China","School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Liquor Making Biological Technology and Application, Zigong 643000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013019306","display_name":"Wanlin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4845-4541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanlin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013774822","display_name":"Minjuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-1726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minjuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informatization Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013774822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7692,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70188679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"18","first_page":"5314","last_page":"5314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.585929274559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium","display_name":"Potassium","score":0.5558800101280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.5169864892959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion","display_name":"Ion","score":0.5102686882019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium","display_name":"Sodium","score":0.4862448275089264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.47834011912345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium","display_name":"Magnesium","score":0.46382418274879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.45546823740005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.41115519404411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29621270298957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2734519839286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.20060572028160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18203353881835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.12077257037162781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.585929274559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517785266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703","display_name":"Potassium","level":2,"score":0.5558800101280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5169864892959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.5102686882019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537181965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658","display_name":"Sodium","level":2,"score":0.4862448275089264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.47834011912345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543218039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660","display_name":"Magnesium","level":2,"score":0.46382418274879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.45546823740005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.41115519404411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29621270298957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2734519839286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.20060572028160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18203353881835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.12077257037162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185314","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5314/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32957499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32957499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:62c824fcb1f84a3b8ad5bcd94bfa89c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/62c824fcb1f84a3b8ad5bcd94bfa89c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 18, p 5314 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/18/5314/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 18; Pages: 5314","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7570851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7570851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185314","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5314/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321125","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321131","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085871762.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085871762.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W424863037","https://openalex.org/W1558047225","https://openalex.org/W1558420400","https://openalex.org/W1569532114","https://openalex.org/W1922191908","https://openalex.org/W1977932699","https://openalex.org/W1986289061","https://openalex.org/W1988877699","https://openalex.org/W1993757234","https://openalex.org/W1997127785","https://openalex.org/W2003177189","https://openalex.org/W2028070629","https://openalex.org/W2055248777","https://openalex.org/W2058995797","https://openalex.org/W2066966270","https://openalex.org/W2070190951","https://openalex.org/W2072170936","https://openalex.org/W2074169638","https://openalex.org/W2082925065","https://openalex.org/W2084459079","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2125849100","https://openalex.org/W2126950413","https://openalex.org/W2131333709","https://openalex.org/W2134436229","https://openalex.org/W2145265636","https://openalex.org/W2167503371","https://openalex.org/W2333209608","https://openalex.org/W2345973084","https://openalex.org/W2437453195","https://openalex.org/W2530691989","https://openalex.org/W2552796832","https://openalex.org/W2564935393","https://openalex.org/W2569273476","https://openalex.org/W2587063199","https://openalex.org/W2675656440","https://openalex.org/W2720888199","https://openalex.org/W2732108499","https://openalex.org/W2736267989","https://openalex.org/W2792343486","https://openalex.org/W2800722845","https://openalex.org/W2948053789","https://openalex.org/W2951686320","https://openalex.org/W2964135722","https://openalex.org/W2995740079","https://openalex.org/W3001640719","https://openalex.org/W3004693803","https://openalex.org/W3015984862","https://openalex.org/W3036868005","https://openalex.org/W4205360871","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4246143803","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6739479897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W105207676","https://openalex.org/W250113619","https://openalex.org/W2108305123","https://openalex.org/W1894404507","https://openalex.org/W76098761","https://openalex.org/W2323677139","https://openalex.org/W2396417726","https://openalex.org/W2328567678","https://openalex.org/W2057125440","https://openalex.org/W2253284724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ion-selective":[0],"electrodes":[1],"(ISEs)":[2],"have":[3],"recently":[4],"become":[5],"the":[6,11,48,56,69,97,108,112,118,131,178,185,205,214],"most":[7],"attractive":[8],"tools":[9],"for":[10,62,106,138,167],"development":[12],"of":[13,74,96,111,120,151,164,180,187,195,218],"efficient":[14],"hydroponic":[15,40,142,223],"systems.":[16],"Nevertheless,":[17],"some":[18],"inherent":[19],"shortcomings":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22],"signal":[23],"drifts,":[24],"secondary":[25],"ion":[26],"interferences,":[27],"and":[28,72,85,116,125,157,174,182,190,197,216],"effected":[29],"high":[30],"ionic":[31],"strength":[32],"make":[33],"them":[34],"difficult":[35],"to":[36,67,104,212],"apply":[37],"in":[38,184,220],"a":[39,63,221],"system.":[41,224],"To":[42],"minimize":[43],"these":[44],"deficiencies,":[45],"we":[46],"combined":[47,132],"multivariate":[49],"standard":[50],"addition":[51],"(MSAM)":[52],"sampling":[53],"technique":[54,99],"with":[55,160],"deep":[57],"kernel":[58],"learning":[59],"(DKL)":[60],"model":[61],"six":[64],"ISEs":[65,219],"array":[66],"increase":[68],"prediction":[70,109,179],"accuracy":[71,215],"precision":[73],"eight":[75],"ions,":[76],"including":[77],"NO3\u2212,":[78],"NH4+,":[79],"K+,":[80],"Ca2+,":[81],"Na+,":[82],"Cl\u2212,":[83],"H2PO4\u2212,":[84],"Mg2+.":[86],"The":[87,127,201],"enhanced":[88,117],"data":[89],"feature":[90,93],"based":[91],"on":[92],"enrichment":[94,134],"(FE)":[95],"MSAM":[98],"provided":[100],"more":[101],"useful":[102],"information":[103],"DKL":[105],"improving":[107],"reliability":[110],"available":[113],"ISE":[114,122],"ions":[115,123],"detection":[119],"unavailable":[121],"(phosphate":[124],"magnesium).":[126],"results":[128,202],"showed":[129],"that":[130,204],"MSAM\u2013feature":[133],"(FE)\u2013DKL":[135],"sensing":[136],"structure":[137],"validating":[139],"ten":[140],"real":[141],"samples":[143],"achieved":[144],"low":[145],"root":[146],"mean":[147],"square":[148],"errors":[149],"(RMSE)":[150],"63.8,":[152],"8.3,":[153],"29.2,":[154],"18.5,":[155],"11.8,":[156],"8.8":[158],"mg\u00b7L\u22121":[159,189,192,199],"below":[161],"8%":[162],"coefficients":[163],"variation":[165],"(CVs)":[166],"predicting":[168],"nitrate,":[169],"ammonium,":[170],"potassium,":[171],"calcium,":[172],"sodium,":[173],"chloride,":[175],"respectively.":[176,200],"Moreover,":[177],"phosphate":[181],"magnesium":[183],"ranges":[186],"5\u2013275":[188],"10\u201380":[191],"had":[193],"RMSEs":[194],"29.6":[196],"8.7":[198],"prove":[203],"proposed":[206],"approach":[207],"can":[208],"be":[209],"applied":[210],"successfully":[211],"improve":[213],"feasibility":[217],"closed":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
