{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085272459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185263","title":"Salinity Independent Flow Measurement of Vertical Upward Gas-Liquid Flows in a Small Pipe Using Conductance Method","display_name":"Salinity Independent Flow Measurement of Vertical Upward Gas-Liquid Flows in a Small Pipe Using Conductance Method","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085272459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185263","mag":"3085272459","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32942591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5263/pdf?version=1600159763","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5263/pdf?version=1600159763","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072748724","display_name":"Dayang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7768-6352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dayang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058125661","display_name":"Ningde Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-5092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ningde Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-5092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028903449","display_name":"Lusheng Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5154-9883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lusheng Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5154-9883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003567543","display_name":"Yingyu Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-2081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingyu Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058125661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.6899,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81514656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"18","first_page":"5263","last_page":"5263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10864","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductivity","display_name":"Conductivity","score":0.7183277606964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.6012151837348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity","display_name":"Salinity","score":0.5644736289978027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-measurement","display_name":"Flow measurement","score":0.5326336026191711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slippage","display_name":"Slippage","score":0.5294570326805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-phase-flow","display_name":"Two-phase flow","score":0.5245532989501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slug-flow","display_name":"Slug flow","score":0.5120773911476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.5014171600341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.49729636311531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-velocity","display_name":"Flow velocity","score":0.45143067836761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductance","display_name":"Conductance","score":0.449482798576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.4262539744377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-flow","display_name":"Water flow","score":0.42117631435394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3693275451660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22758716344833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.17856723070144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1018904447555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.09071493148803711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.7183277606964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6012151837348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.5644736289978027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16302685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15091623","display_name":"Flow measurement","level":2,"score":0.5326336026191711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6130172","display_name":"Slippage","level":2,"score":0.5294570326805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144308804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232997","display_name":"Two-phase flow","level":3,"score":0.5245532989501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139514615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16935556","display_name":"Slug flow","level":4,"score":0.5120773911476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5014171600341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49729636311531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166693061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462119","display_name":"Flow velocity","level":3,"score":0.45143067836761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121932024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159376","display_name":"Conductance","level":2,"score":0.449482798576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.4262539744377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988574769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2259545","display_name":"Water flow","level":2,"score":0.42117631435394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3693275451660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22758716344833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.17856723070144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1018904447555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09071493148803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5263/pdf?version=1600159763","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32942591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32942591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7570925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7570925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d8daa6cc7da243659a5cf9b1bb68fdb5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d8daa6cc7da243659a5cf9b1bb68fdb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 18, p 5263 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/18/5263/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 18; Pages: 5263","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185263","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5263/pdf?version=1600159763","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2042230071","display_name":"\u9875\u5ca9\u6c14\u6c34\u5e73\u4e95\u4ea7\u51fa\u5256\u9762\u58f0\u7535\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7ec4\u5408\u6d4b\u4e95\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41974139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G416625932","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11572220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G561774304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51527805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085272459.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085272459.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36715365","https://openalex.org/W1631499155","https://openalex.org/W1964906779","https://openalex.org/W1967428454","https://openalex.org/W1984564318","https://openalex.org/W1985261292","https://openalex.org/W2008850032","https://openalex.org/W2019758240","https://openalex.org/W2021279372","https://openalex.org/W2026125557","https://openalex.org/W2026248459","https://openalex.org/W2034712224","https://openalex.org/W2036005672","https://openalex.org/W2039185769","https://openalex.org/W2041694473","https://openalex.org/W2050919216","https://openalex.org/W2068514029","https://openalex.org/W2077717018","https://openalex.org/W2081272070","https://openalex.org/W2082407166","https://openalex.org/W2085463523","https://openalex.org/W2087341797","https://openalex.org/W2087452412","https://openalex.org/W2094140679","https://openalex.org/W2095189088","https://openalex.org/W2100524267","https://openalex.org/W2138415922","https://openalex.org/W2509277325","https://openalex.org/W2514023078","https://openalex.org/W2535726837","https://openalex.org/W2613128212","https://openalex.org/W2730048137","https://openalex.org/W2796842620","https://openalex.org/W2885042175","https://openalex.org/W2886019916","https://openalex.org/W2901043308","https://openalex.org/W2918177976","https://openalex.org/W3033351499","https://openalex.org/W7014769988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553052159","https://openalex.org/W2349212536","https://openalex.org/W1992722226","https://openalex.org/W2057830168","https://openalex.org/W565810520","https://openalex.org/W4390617629","https://openalex.org/W1870796819","https://openalex.org/W3139157621","https://openalex.org/W1993383543","https://openalex.org/W3111489145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flow":[0],"measurement":[1,50,80,190,195,205,209],"in":[2,55,120,157,161],"gas-liquid":[3,56],"two-phase":[4,57,159],"flow":[5,24,41,49,58,83,160,179,193,207],"is":[6,62,97,103,152],"always":[7],"a":[8,46,115,136,142,162,186],"challenging":[9],"work,":[10],"because":[11],"of":[12,29,74,82,131,141,184],"the":[13,27,32,52,67,72,79,94,101,112,121,129,169,182,211],"non-uniform":[14,170],"phase":[15,171],"distribution,":[16,172],"severe":[17,173],"slippage":[18,174],"effect":[19,175],"between":[20,176],"phases,":[21,177],"and":[22,78,117,148,154,181,192,206],"different":[23,178],"structures.":[25],"Furthermore,":[26],"variation":[28,123,183],"salinity":[30,60,201],"changes":[31],"water":[33,126,132,143,149,188,203],"conductivity,":[34],"which":[35],"brings":[36],"more":[37],"difficulties":[38],"to":[39,100,199],"multiphase":[40],"measurement.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"study,":[45],"methodology":[47,65],"for":[48,210],"using":[51,75],"conductance":[53],"method":[54,89,108],"with":[59],"change":[61],"proposed.":[63,104],"The":[64],"includes":[66],"suitable":[68,86],"conductivity":[69,87,102,106,122,133,150],"detection":[70,88,107],"method,":[71],"strategy":[73],"combined":[76,137],"sensors,":[77],"models":[81,196],"parameters.":[84],"A":[85],"that":[90,93,111],"can":[91,109],"guarantee":[92],"sensor":[95,138,151],"output":[96],"linearly":[98],"proportional":[99],"This":[105],"ensure":[110],"sensors":[113],"have":[114],"high":[116],"constant":[118],"resolution":[119],"caused":[124],"by":[125],"holdup":[127,144,189,204],"under":[128],"conditions":[130],"change.":[134],"Afterward,":[135],"system":[139],"consisting":[140],"sensor,":[145,147],"velocity":[146,194,208],"designed":[153],"experimentally":[155],"evaluated":[156],"gas-water":[158],"20":[163],"mm":[164],"inner":[165],"diameter":[166],"pipe.":[167],"Considering":[168],"structures,":[180],"salinity,":[185],"new":[187],"model":[191],"are":[197],"established":[198],"achieve":[200],"independent":[202],"first":[212],"time.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
