{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083905298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185109","title":"A New Roadway Eventual Obstacle Detection System Based on Computer Vision","display_name":"A New Roadway Eventual Obstacle Detection System Based on Computer Vision","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083905298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185109","mag":"3083905298","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32911749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5109/pdf?version=1599561573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5109/pdf?version=1599561573","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036001456","display_name":"Mariano Gonz\u00e1lez-de-Soto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-4370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Gonzalez-de-Soto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cartographic and Land Engineering Department, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50, 05003 Avila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-4370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cartographic and Land Engineering Department, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50, 05003 Avila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086807596","display_name":"Roc\u00edo Mora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-0704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rocio Mora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cartographic and Land Engineering Department, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50, 05003 Avila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cartographic and Land Engineering Department, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50, 05003 Avila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073967235","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Mart\u00edn-Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-9386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Mart\u00edn-Jim\u00e9nez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cartographic and Land Engineering Department, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50, 05003 Avila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-9386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cartographic and Land Engineering Department, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50, 05003 Avila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086407273","display_name":"Diego Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Aguilera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-4216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diego Gonzalez-Aguilera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cartographic and Land Engineering Department, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50, 05003 Avila, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-4216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cartographic and Land Engineering Department, University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50, 05003 Avila, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086407273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07659753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"18","first_page":"5109","last_page":"5109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11665","display_name":"Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1309","display_name":"Developmental Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.8992636203765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.714973509311676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6572443842887878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5944408774375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.585608959197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11840888857841492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.8992636203765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.714973509311676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6572443842887878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5944408774375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.585608959197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11840888857841492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5109/pdf?version=1599561573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32911749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32911749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8df1ec41f6b446dca2a921bdb623cfcc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8df1ec41f6b446dca2a921bdb623cfcc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 18, p 5109 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/18/5109/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 18; Pages: 5109","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7571069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7571069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20185109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/18/5109/pdf?version=1599561573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1505059440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IDI-20181117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321043","funder_display_name":"Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico Industrial"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321043","display_name":"Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/0124x7055"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083905298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083905298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W980488178","https://openalex.org/W1481930025","https://openalex.org/W1517743220","https://openalex.org/W1526475465","https://openalex.org/W1573546770","https://openalex.org/W2028632378","https://openalex.org/W2035866593","https://openalex.org/W2051111607","https://openalex.org/W2061264264","https://openalex.org/W2101359585","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2112384361","https://openalex.org/W2114631186","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2130103520","https://openalex.org/W2130212837","https://openalex.org/W2130293653","https://openalex.org/W2342688262","https://openalex.org/W2477720365","https://openalex.org/W2496944958","https://openalex.org/W2543258753","https://openalex.org/W2551128771","https://openalex.org/W2598009994","https://openalex.org/W2660978901","https://openalex.org/W2762977766","https://openalex.org/W2768963718","https://openalex.org/W2893929991","https://openalex.org/W2900933200","https://openalex.org/W2903939378","https://openalex.org/W2909253672","https://openalex.org/W2920289018","https://openalex.org/W2950347718","https://openalex.org/W2954038496","https://openalex.org/W2971384749","https://openalex.org/W2998995408","https://openalex.org/W3006636897","https://openalex.org/W3006643904","https://openalex.org/W3007980143","https://openalex.org/W3022845750","https://openalex.org/W3044508287","https://openalex.org/W4210608724","https://openalex.org/W4214629738","https://openalex.org/W4248936881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126807813","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"roadway":[2],"eventual":[3,52],"obstacle":[4],"detection":[5],"system":[6,16,70],"based":[7],"on":[8,85],"computer":[9],"vision":[10],"is":[11],"described":[12],"and":[13,20,25,33,77,92],"evaluated.":[14],"This":[15,40],"uses":[17],"low-cost":[18],"hardware":[19],"open-source":[21],"software":[22],"to":[23,46,51],"detect":[24],"classify":[26],"moving":[27,83],"elements":[28],"in":[29,58],"roads":[30],"using":[31],"infra-red":[32],"colour":[34],"video":[35],"images":[36],"as":[37],"input":[38],"data.":[39],"solution":[41,75],"represents":[42],"an":[43],"important":[44],"advancement":[45],"prevent":[47],"road":[48],"accidents":[49],"due":[50],"obstacles":[53,84],"which":[54],"have":[55],"considerably":[56],"increased":[57],"the":[59,69,73],"past":[60],"decades,":[61],"mainly":[62],"with":[63],"wildlife.":[64],"The":[65],"experimental":[66],"evaluation":[67],"of":[68,82],"demonstrated":[71],"that":[72],"proposed":[74],"detects":[76],"classifies":[78],"correctly":[79],"different":[80,90],"types":[81],"roads,":[86],"working":[87],"robustly":[88],"under":[89],"weather":[91],"illumination":[93],"conditions.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
