{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082036227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174964","title":"Generating Comfortable Navigable Space for 3D Indoor Navigation Considering Users\u2019 Dimensions","display_name":"Generating Comfortable Navigable Space for 3D Indoor Navigation Considering Users\u2019 Dimensions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082036227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174964","mag":"3082036227","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32887337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20174964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174964","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4964/pdf?version=1599133687","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4964/pdf?version=1599133687","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062252512","display_name":"Wenjie Zhen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Shenzhen 518040, China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Shenzhen 518040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072027859","display_name":"Lin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-6865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China","State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering, Xi'an 710054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009185228","display_name":"Mei\u2010Po Kwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-9258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["HK","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei-Po Kwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Resource Management, and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, Fok Ying Tung Remote Sensing Science Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 780206, China","Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Resource Management, and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, Fok Ying Tung Remote Sensing Science Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 780206, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940860","display_name":"Zejun Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-0948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zejun Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047668400","display_name":"Haoyue Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-6409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyue Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021637713","display_name":"Shunping Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-3383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunping Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Shenzhen 518040, China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Shenzhen 518040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101940860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3909,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63042677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"17","first_page":"4964","last_page":"4964"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.7832472324371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6599973440170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ignorance","display_name":"Ignorance","score":0.4813021719455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4728303849697113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.45664235949516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25893235206604004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.7832472324371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6599973440170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778732403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815577","display_name":"Ignorance","level":2,"score":0.4813021719455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4728303849697113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.45664235949516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25893235206604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072458","descriptor_name":"Orientation, Spatial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072458","descriptor_name":"Orientation, Spatial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072458","descriptor_name":"Orientation, Spatial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072458","descriptor_name":"Orientation, Spatial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Disabled Persons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Disabled Persons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20174964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174964","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4964/pdf?version=1599133687","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32887337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32887337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc880cdf4a6946279670451ca5257bdc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc880cdf4a6946279670451ca5257bdc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 17, p 4964 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/17/4964/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 17; Pages: 4964","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7506662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7506662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20174964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174964","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4964/pdf?version=1599133687","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5315829832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLGIE2017-M-4-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326985","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5801366061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-M-4-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326985","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326985","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082036227.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082036227.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29242431","https://openalex.org/W38140594","https://openalex.org/W60919711","https://openalex.org/W141475565","https://openalex.org/W1565018760","https://openalex.org/W1964575821","https://openalex.org/W1972248659","https://openalex.org/W1986099030","https://openalex.org/W1987230990","https://openalex.org/W2004456918","https://openalex.org/W2016882510","https://openalex.org/W2028415715","https://openalex.org/W2041518586","https://openalex.org/W2045155153","https://openalex.org/W2072544042","https://openalex.org/W2072896880","https://openalex.org/W2099569547","https://openalex.org/W2107989323","https://openalex.org/W2120037042","https://openalex.org/W2121419284","https://openalex.org/W2122112895","https://openalex.org/W2137165353","https://openalex.org/W2139274531","https://openalex.org/W2146904660","https://openalex.org/W2169574866","https://openalex.org/W2220670080","https://openalex.org/W2290456827","https://openalex.org/W2522927276","https://openalex.org/W2542179425","https://openalex.org/W2546894221","https://openalex.org/W2553928822","https://openalex.org/W2560015734","https://openalex.org/W2601026848","https://openalex.org/W2610228721","https://openalex.org/W2754533652","https://openalex.org/W2789239418","https://openalex.org/W2789540869","https://openalex.org/W2790644544","https://openalex.org/W2914407865","https://openalex.org/W2952099122","https://openalex.org/W2988192774","https://openalex.org/W2991783679","https://openalex.org/W3032172559","https://openalex.org/W4248290629","https://openalex.org/W4300605919","https://openalex.org/W6633792107","https://openalex.org/W6678199376","https://openalex.org/W6678221155","https://openalex.org/W6770753153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4387185014","https://openalex.org/W4387906132","https://openalex.org/W4321603833","https://openalex.org/W588868971","https://openalex.org/W4200350283","https://openalex.org/W4321603789","https://openalex.org/W4283215876","https://openalex.org/W4253298899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"existing":[1],"indoor":[2,7,18,57,87,112,137,145,148,191],"navigation":[3,25,48,149,168],"methods":[4],"implicitly":[5],"treat":[6],"users":[8,26,69,103,169],"as":[9],"ideal":[10],"points.":[11],"However,":[12],"the":[13,117,143,154],"ignorance":[14],"of":[15,119,142],"individual":[16],"3D":[17],"space":[19,31,34,66,84,127,163],"needs":[20],"may":[21],"result":[22],"in":[23,37,189],"that":[24,50,135,157,167],"do":[27],"not":[28],"have":[29],"enough":[30],"or":[32,79],"comfortable":[33,61,125,162],"to":[35,59,73,92],"move":[36],"a":[38,45],"real":[39],"situation.":[40],"Therefore,":[41],"this":[42],"paper":[43],"proposes":[44],"novel":[46],"human-oriented":[47],"approach":[49],"considers":[51],"users'":[52],"dimensions":[53],"and":[54,82,97,121,139,153,164,193],"interactions":[55],"with":[56],"objects":[58,88],"establish":[60],"navigable":[62,126],"space.":[63,146],"First,":[64],"object":[65],"(O-Space)":[67],"for":[68,86,182],"is":[70,89,128],"derived":[71],"according":[72,91],"their":[74,93],"types":[75],"(i.e.,":[76],"non-disabled":[77],"people":[78],"disabled":[80],"people)":[81],"functional":[83],"(F-Space)":[85],"determined":[90],"functions,":[94],"locations,":[95],"sizes,":[96],"interactions.":[98],"Then,":[99],"narrow":[100,140],"gaps":[101,141],"where":[102],"cannot":[104],"pass":[105],"through":[106],"easily":[107,172],"are":[108],"calculated":[109],"based":[110],"on":[111],"obstacles":[113,138],"defined":[114],"by":[115,130],"O-Space,":[116],"use":[118],"F-Space,":[120],"stationary":[122],"objects.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"established":[129],"excluding":[131],"inappropriate":[132],"sealed":[133],"spaces":[134],"wrap":[136],"entire":[144],"Two":[147],"cases":[150],"were":[151],"conducted":[152],"results":[155],"demonstrate":[156],"our":[158,176],"method":[159,177],"could":[160],"provide":[161],"user-friendly":[165],"paths":[166],"can":[170],"navigate":[171],"without":[173],"stress.":[174],"Furthermore,":[175],"also":[178],"shows":[179],"great":[180],"potential":[181],"improving":[183],"user":[184],"experience":[185],"during":[186],"navigation,":[187],"especially":[188],"unfamiliar":[190],"environments":[192],"even":[194],"emergencies.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}