{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082283433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174878","title":"ClothFace: A Batteryless RFID-Based Textile Platform for Handwriting Recognition","display_name":"ClothFace: A Batteryless RFID-Based Textile Platform for Handwriting Recognition","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082283433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174878","mag":"3082283433","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32872287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20174878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174878","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4878/pdf?version=1598615803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4878/pdf?version=1598615803","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013444655","display_name":"Han He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-1568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100782113","display_name":"Xiaochen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4177-3812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-5027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003966343","display_name":"Adnan Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-7599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075587495","display_name":"Leevi Raivio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6902-5201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leevi Raivio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Commication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Commication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042399760","display_name":"Heikki Huttunen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-0797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Huttunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Commication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Commication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059612864","display_name":"Pasi Raumonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-0970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasi Raumonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Commication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-0970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Commication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010794816","display_name":"Johanna Virkki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2216-7296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Virkki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013444655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":1675,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1806},"fwci":2.5828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89287027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"17","first_page":"4878","last_page":"4878"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7698760032653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textile","display_name":"Textile","score":0.640649676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4758427143096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.407292902469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24481835961341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10532429814338684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7698760032653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164767435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28823","display_name":"Textile","level":2,"score":0.640649676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4758427143096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.407292902469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24481835961341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10532429814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20174878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174878","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4878/pdf?version=1598615803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32872287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32872287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c04c96bd2784bc6970003b189cc4e67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c04c96bd2784bc6970003b189cc4e67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 17, p 4878 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/17/4878/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 17; Pages: 4878","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7506965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7506965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/216778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/216778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20174878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174878","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4878/pdf?version=1598615803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082283433.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963735412","https://openalex.org/W1978180095","https://openalex.org/W2021593815","https://openalex.org/W2070924230","https://openalex.org/W2140982079","https://openalex.org/W2148819007","https://openalex.org/W2163444123","https://openalex.org/W2169709590","https://openalex.org/W2346308358","https://openalex.org/W2405564622","https://openalex.org/W2584433892","https://openalex.org/W2610979204","https://openalex.org/W2611241975","https://openalex.org/W2625202521","https://openalex.org/W2626807326","https://openalex.org/W2766835435","https://openalex.org/W2782594703","https://openalex.org/W2783258958","https://openalex.org/W2783511590","https://openalex.org/W2790688089","https://openalex.org/W2980712192","https://openalex.org/W2990067187","https://openalex.org/W3042183294","https://openalex.org/W6635170509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2063708026","https://openalex.org/W2388180914","https://openalex.org/W2507888814","https://openalex.org/W3118925046","https://openalex.org/W2381764175","https://openalex.org/W2561540377","https://openalex.org/W2360066868","https://openalex.org/W3084909207","https://openalex.org/W1694630026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,8,20,35,89,170,214],"prototype":[4],"of":[5,25,91,118,122,160,179],"ClothFace":[6,162],"technology,":[7],"battery-free":[9],"textile-based":[10],"handwriting":[11],"recognition":[12,141,158,177],"platform":[13,41,73,87,127,181],"that":[14,220],"includes":[15],"an":[16,44,62],"e-textile":[17],"antenna":[18],"and":[19,104,145,184,193,201,216,226],"10":[21,23],"\u00d7":[22],"array":[24],"radio":[26],"frequency":[27],"identification":[28],"(RFID)":[29],"integrated":[30,223],"circuits":[31],"(ICs),":[32],"each":[33,188],"with":[34,61,131,147,169],"unique":[36],"ID.":[37],"Touching":[38],"the":[39,51,55,72,86,94,100,115,126,153,161,180,185,196,204,208],"textile":[40],"surface":[42],"creates":[43],"electrical":[45],"connection":[46],"from":[47,93,149,207],"specific":[48],"ICs":[49,57],"to":[50,58,76,166],"antenna,":[52],"which":[53],"enables":[54,213],"connected":[56],"be":[59,129,222],"read":[60],"external":[63,209],"UHF":[64],"(ultra-haigh":[65],"frequency)":[66],"RFID":[67,210],"reader.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"is":[74,164,182,190,198],"demonstrated":[75,165],"recognize":[77],"handwritten":[78],"numbers":[79],"0-9.":[80],"The":[81,97,140,155,175],"raw":[82],"data":[83,101],"collected":[84],"by":[85,109,137],"are":[88,107],"sequence":[90],"IDs":[92],"touched":[95],"ICs.":[96],"system":[98,142],"converts":[99],"into":[102,224,227],"bitmaps":[103],"their":[105],"details":[106],"increased":[108],"interpolating":[110],"between":[111,191],"neighboring":[112],"samples":[113,148],"using":[114,152],"sequential":[116],"information":[117],"IDs.":[119],"These":[120],"images":[121],"digits":[123],"written":[124],"on":[125],"can":[128,221],"classified,":[130],"enough":[132],"accuracy":[133,178,186],"for":[134,187],"practical":[135],"use,":[136],"deep":[138],"learning.":[139],"was":[143],"trained":[144],"tested":[146],"six":[150],"volunteers":[151],"platform.":[154],"real-time":[156],"number":[157],"ability":[159],"technology":[163],"work":[167],"successfully":[168],"very":[171],"low":[172],"error":[173],"rate.":[174],"overall":[176],"94.6%":[183],"digit":[189],"91.1%":[192],"98.3%.":[194],"As":[195],"solution":[197],"fully":[199],"passive":[200],"gets":[202],"all":[203],"needed":[205],"energy":[206],"reader,":[211],"it":[212],"maintenance-free":[215],"cost-effective":[217],"user":[218],"interface":[219],"clothing":[225],"textiles":[228],"around":[229],"us.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:16:33.117629","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
